Abstract

Soils play an important role in maintaining sustainability of the biosphere, and they provide food, clothing, and the basis for human life on the Earth. Irrational land use often results in soil degradation and, sometimes, to its complete destruction. However, an inventory of destroyed soils has not yet been conducted systematically in any country of the world. In Russia, the traditional soil maps do not show destroyed soils either. We have made an attempt to create the first map of Russia to show soils destroyed as a result of a directed anthropogenic impact. It maps the areas where the soil cover was destroyed due to construction of buildings, facilities, motor and rail roads, mining quarries, and embankments. The OpenStreetMap crowdsourcing database has been used as the main information source. In addition, the results of the visual interpretation obtained for disturbed soils from the GoogleEarth^TM satellite data were applied. The disturbed soil data were aggregated into soil–geographic units of the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia (scale 1 : 2 500 000) (USRSR). The map is presented in the GIS format (shapefile). It specifies the area and the proportion of disturbed soils, as well as the type of impact resulting in such a disturbance.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯人为土壤扰动地图

摘要

土壤在维持生物圈的可持续性方面发挥着重要作用，它们提供食物、衣服和地球上人类生活的基础。不合理的土地利用常常导致土壤退化，有时甚至导致土壤完全破坏。然而，世界上任何国家尚未系统地对被破坏的土壤进行清查。在俄罗斯，传统的土壤地图也没有显示被破坏的土壤。我们尝试制作第一张俄罗斯地图，以显示因直接人为影响而遭到破坏的土壤。它绘制了因建筑物、设施、汽车和铁路、采石场和路堤建设而导致土壤覆盖被破坏的区域。OpenStreetMap众包数据库已被用作主要信息源。此外，还应用了从GoogleEarth ^{TM卫星数据中获得的扰动土壤的视觉解释结果。}受干扰的土壤数据被汇总到俄罗斯国家土壤资源统一登记册（比例为 1: 2 500 000）（苏联）的土壤地理单元中。该地图以 GIS 格式（shapefile）呈现。它规定了受扰动土壤的面积和比例，以及造成这种扰动的影响类型。