Abstract

Increasing soil and underground water salinization with decreasing availability of fresh water has become a potential threat to sustainable crop production in arid and semi-arid areas globally. Introduction and evaluation of salt-tolerant halophytic crops is one of the sustainable ways to preserve productivity in saline ecosystems. This study was aimed to screen quinoa germplasms under high-sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) saline stress. Thirteen quinoa germplasms were evaluated under four levels [best available water (BAW), 8, 16, and 24 dSm⁻¹] of high-SAR saline water irrigation. The evaluation was carried out based on growth, yield, and ionic content parameters along with statistical tools such as multivariate analysis, salt tolerance indices, and correlation. The results showed that the salinity levels of 16 and 24 dSm⁻¹ resulted in increase of chlorophyll content relative to BAW and 8 dSm⁻¹. The germplasm CSQ2 recorded the highest proline content (163.7 mg g⁻¹ FW) at 24 dSm⁻¹. Increasing levels of salinity reduced relative water content in plant leaves, and the germplasm CSQ2 showed minimal reduction of 4% at 24 dSm⁻¹. Na⁺ and K⁺ contents in the plants increased with increasing salinity levels, while the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio decreased. The grain yield of quinoa germplasms ranged between 3.5 and 14.1 g plant⁻¹. The germplasm EC507740 recorded the highest grain yield (7.0 g plant⁻¹) followed by CSQ1 and CSQ2 at a maximum stress of 24 dSm⁻¹. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation elucidated that Na⁺ content in plants was negatively correlated with all the studied traits except SPAD, proline content, and K⁺ content. The different salt tolerance indices indicated that the germplasms EC507740, CSQ1, CSQ2, EC507738, and IC411825 were more stable at high-SAR salinity, while PCA showed the germplasms EC507740 and CSQ2 as the most salt-tolerant germplasms.

中文翻译：

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基于生长、产量和多变量分析，在高SAR盐水条件下筛选藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa Willd.）种质

摘要

随着淡水供应量的减少，土壤和地下水盐碱化加剧，已成为全球干旱和半干旱地区可持续作物生产的潜在威胁。引进和评价耐盐盐生作物是保持盐分生态系统生产力的可持续方法之一。本研究旨在筛选高钠吸附比（SAR）盐胁迫下的藜麦种质。在高SAR盐水灌溉的四个水平[最佳可用水(BAW)、8、16和24 dSm ^{-1 ]下对13种藜麦种质进行了评估。}评估是根据生长、产量和离子含量参数以及多变量分析、耐盐指数和相关性等统计工具进行的。结果表明，相对于BAW和8 dSm -1 ，16和24 dSm -1 的盐度水​​平^{导致叶绿素}含量增加。种质CSQ2在24 dSm ^{-1时记录到最高的脯氨酸含量（163.7 mg g -1} FW）。盐度水平的增加降低了植物叶片中的相对含水量，并且种质CSQ2在24 dSm ^-1时显示出4%的最小降低。植物中Na ⁺和K ^{+含量随盐度增加而增加，而K +} /Na ⁺比值降低。藜麦种质的籽粒产量在3.5至14.1g plant ^-1之间。种质EC507740记录了最高的籽粒产量（7.0 g植物⁻¹），其次是CSQ1和CSQ2，最大应力为24 dSm ⁻¹。主成分分析（PCA）和相关分析表明，植物中Na ^{+含量与除SPAD、脯氨酸含量和K +}含量外的所有研究性状均呈负相关。不同的耐盐指数表明，种质EC507740、CSQ1、CSQ2、EC507738和IC411825在高SAR盐度下更稳定，而PCA显示种质EC507740和CSQ2是最耐盐的种质。