: The concept of Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) is an ambiguous and disputed one, even though it has endured as a core psychopathological construct in clinical Psychiatry. FTD can be summarized as a multidimensional construct, reflecting difficulties or idiosyncrasies in thinking, language, and communication in general and is usually subdivided into positive versus negative. In this article, we aim to explore the putative neurobiology of FTD, ranging from changes in neurotransmitter systems to alterations in the functional anatomy of the brain. We also discuss recent critiques of the operationalist view of FTD and how they might fit in its biological underpinnings. We conclude that FTD might be the observable phenotype of many distinct underlying alterations in different proportions.

中文翻译：

---

形式思维障碍的神经生物学

：形式思维障碍（FTD）的概念是一个模糊且有争议的概念，尽管它一直作为临床精神病学的核心精神病理学结构。FTD 可以概括为一个多维结构，反映一般思维、语言和沟通方面的困难或特质，通常分为积极与消极两类。在本文中，我们的目标是探索 FTD 的假定神经生物学，从神经递质系统的变化到大脑功能解剖结构的改变。我们还讨论了最近对 FTD 操作主义观点的批评，以及它们如何适应其生物学基础。我们得出的结论是，FTD 可能是许多不同比例的不同潜在改变的可观察表型。