This paper discusses the discourse contrasts that arise in connection to direct evidentiality in Southern Aymara (henceforth, Aymara), an understudied Andean language. Aymara has two direct evidentials, the enclitic =wa and the covert morpheme -∅, which are used whenever the speaker has the best possible grounds for some proposition. I make the novel observation that a sentence with =wa can be felicitously uttered if the speaker attempts to update the common ground by addressing an issue on the table. In fact, the sentence with =wa that is uttered must be congruent with prior discourse; I tie this to the claim that =wa is a (presentational) focus marker (Proulx in Language Sciences 9(1):91–102, 1987). This paper thus claims that =wa is a marker that combines evidentiality and focus. In contrast, uttering a sentence with -∅ entails that the speaker’s contribution is already in the common ground, which likens this evidential to common ground management operators—there is no congruence requirement in this case. I identify which construction can be used in different discourse settings (conversation openers and telling anecdotes). I implement a formal analysis based on Farkas and Bruce (Journal of Semantics 27:81–118, 2010) and Faller (Semantics and Pragmatics 12(8):1–53, 2019) that links evidentiality and discourse.

本文讨论了南艾马拉语（以下简称“艾马拉语”）（一种尚未被研究的安第斯语言）中与直接证据相关的话语对比。艾马拉语有两个直接证据，附加语=wa和隐性语素- ∅，只要说话者对某个命题有最好的可能依据，就会使用这两个证据。我提出了一个新颖的观察：如果说话者试图通过解决桌面上的问题来更新共同点，那么可以恰当地说出带有=wa的句子。事实上，说出的带有=wa的句子必须与之前的话语一致；我将此与=wa是一个（表示性）焦点标记的说法联系起来（Proulx in Language Sciences 9(1):91–102, 1987）。因此本文声称=wa是一个结合了证据性和焦点的标记。相反，说出带有- ∅ 的句子意味着说话者的贡献已经存在于共同点中，这将此证据比作共同点管理运算符 - 在这种情况下没有一致性要求。我确定哪些结构可以在不同的话语环境中使用（对话开场白和讲述轶事）。我基于 Farkas 和 Bruce (Journal of Semantics 27:81–118, 2010) 和 Faller (Semantics and Pragmatics 12(8):1–53, 2019) 进行了形式化分析，将证据性和话语联系起来。