Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) are Group 1 carcinogens that can enhance gastric cancer progression. Bioactive substances extracted from plants can be effective therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. For example, Withania somnifera extract-WSE reduces the Gankyrin oncoprotein, which is upregulated in the presence of H. pylori and EBV. The various biochemical and metabolic changes upon 24 hrs post-infection followed by W. somnifera extract (WSE) treatment on gastric epithelial cells (AGS) can be studied using spectroscopic techniques. In the biomedical sciences, Raman and NMR spectroscopy have been extensively employed to interpret cellular alterations contributing to the onset of infection and the severity of gastric cancer. More specifically, alterations in cellular biochemical homeostasis are linked to the moieties of cholesterol, collagen, choline, carbohydrate, lipids, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. Further, we have found significantly elevated FWHM for carbohydrates, tumor associated protein, collagen, cholesterol, and cholesterol ester in the co-infection model. We also looked into the potential correlation between these molecules using molecular network analysis and found several related factors that can be modulated through biomolecular levels. These molecules are crucial in several physiological functions, including cell division, cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, cell migration, and lipid transport. Our study paves the pathway to study H. pylori and EBV co-infection in human gastric epithelial cells and the therapeutic interventions of WSE in this scenario and highlights specific biomolecular alterations, which can be focused for further mechanistic investigations.

中文翻译：

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幽门螺杆菌和 Epstein-Barr 病毒共感染胃上皮细胞生物分子变化的光谱评估

幽门螺杆菌和 Epstein-Barr 病毒 (EBV) 属于 1 类致癌物，可促进胃癌进展。从植物中提取的生物活性物质可以作为癌症治疗的有效治疗剂。例如，睡茄提取物-WSE 可降低 Gankyrin 癌蛋白，该蛋白在幽门螺杆菌和 EBV存在时上调。感染后 24 小时，然后用睡莲提取物 (WSE) 处理胃上皮细胞 (AGS)，可以使用光谱技术研究各种生化和代谢变化。在生物医学领域，拉曼光谱和核磁共振光谱已被广泛用于解释导致感染发生和胃癌严重程度的细胞变化。更具体地说，细胞生化稳态的改变与胆固醇、胶原蛋白、胆碱、碳水化合物、脂质、酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸的部分有关。此外，我们发现在共感染模型中碳水化合物、肿瘤相关蛋白、胶原蛋白、胆固醇和胆固醇酯的半高宽显着升高。我们还使用分子网络分析研究了这些分子之间的潜在相关性，并发现了几个可以通过生物分子水平调节的相关因素。这些分子对于多种生理功能至关重要，包括细胞分裂、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、坏死、细胞迁移和脂质运输。我们的研究为研究人胃上皮细胞中幽门螺杆菌和 EBV 共同感染以及 WSE 在这种情况下的治疗干预铺平了道路，并强调了特定的生物分子改变，可以集中进行进一步的机制研究。