Henry S. Pennypacker—“Hank” to all who knew him—passed away on September 12, 2023. His career spanned the evolution of the field of behavior analysis and contributed immeasurably to its progress.

Hank grew up in Missoula, Montana, receiving bachelors and master's degrees from the University of Montana. He studied under Gregory Kimble at Duke University, earning his doctorate in 1962. He then joined the faculty of the psychology department at the University of Florida (UF) and retired there in 1998, although he continued to play an active role in the Behavior Analysis program.

Although he maintained his doctoral focus on classical eyelid conditioning in monkeys for his first few years at UF, he soon began a transition toward behavior analysis, which was gradually acquiring a distinct identity. This conversion was both reflected and facilitated by the addition to the department of Edward F. Malagodi, who had completed his doctoral work at the University of Miami under Dan Cruise. Ed arrived in 1968 with a grant to establish a pigeon lab and a commitment to teach core graduate courses in behavior analysis. Ed's role enabled the beginning of what became the Behavior Analysis program in the department, headed by Hank, one of the earliest in the country and one that continues to this day. Marc Branch soon joined the program, bringing a focus on behavioral pharmacology, and I joined the program in 1975, having completed my graduate studies under Hank in 1970.

Hank's interests in behavior analysis soon took shape. With a commitment to practice in his undergraduate teaching what he preached at the lectern, he began a vigorous initiative to investigate ways of improving student performance to what could justifiably be called mastery level (see Johnston & Pennypacker, 1971). This effort, which was part of the field's growing interest in applying behavior analysis to college-level instructional technology, eventually led Hank to establish a university-wide program involving other faculty and courses, as well as an arrangement with the UF athletic department, which was interested in maintaining the eligibility of student athletes.

His undergraduate teaching efforts were only the beginning of his interest in education, however. In 1969, Hank invited Ogden Lindsley to conduct a three-day Precision Teaching trainer's workshop at UF. This experience cemented a life-long professional and personal relationship with Og, who was in the early stages of developing Precision Teaching and its six-cycle Standard Behavior Chart. Hank coauthored the seminal handbook for the chart in 1972 (Pennypacker et al., 1972), with a second edition published in 2003 (Pennypacker et al., 2003). He remained a leader in the Precision Teaching community throughout his career.

The centerpiece of Hank's literary accomplishments was the publication in 1980 of our textbook on research methods, building on Sidman's Tactics of Scientific Research (1960). We began this project in the mid-1970s with the purpose of addressing measurement practices generally not treated in Sidman's laboratory-oriented book and creating a comprehensive standard for methodological practices in the growing field. Over a 3-year period of daily morning work sessions, we wrote the first edition of Strategies and Tactics of Human Behavioral Research on legal note pads, sharing the drafting of paragraphs and even sentences. It was published in 1980 (Johnston & Pennypacker, 1980). Each of three subsequent editions involved a thorough revision in light of the field's evolution, especially with respect to the increasing influence of credentialed ABA practitioners. The present edition added “practice” to the previous title (Strategies and Tactics of Behavioral Research and Practice) and Gina Green as a third author (Johnston et al., 2020).

As the methods text was taking form, Hank undertook a major initiative that largely continued for the remainder of his career—a research-based development of a technology of breast self-examination (BSE) to detect breast cancer and an approach to transferring that technology on a worldwide basis. As the BSE technology reached fruition, he established Mammatech Corporation as a way of disseminating it to the medical community as well as to women directly. This long-term project generated a number of patents and widely distributed publications and remains the epitome of how to develop and transfer a behavioral technology to the marketplace (Pennypacker, 1986).

These various interests and projects constitute the most notable aspects of his career, but they should not eclipse other activities that have had important and lasting outcomes. In the late 1970s, the Florida Department of Rehabilitative Services established a Peer Review Committee comprised of nationally well-known behavior analysts to monitor the delivery of ABA services to individuals with intellectual disabilities throughout the state. Hank soon became chair of the committee, which conducted annual visits to wide-ranging service delivery facilities that resulted in recommendations for improving services. Over time, this approach was adopted in other states and remains a primary component in how states manage such services.

As part of this initiative, the Florida Peer Review Committee recognized the need for some sort of credential identifying individuals with a certain level of expertise in applied behavior analysis. Hank put together a preliminary credentialing examination that later led to the state contracting for a professionally constructed exam and testing program. This successful state program eventually became the foundation for the Behavior Analysis Certification Board's national credentialing program.

Hank served as chairman of the Board of Directors of the Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies for many years and received numerous honors and awards, including Fellow of Division 25 of the American Psychological Association (APA), President of the Association for Behavior Analysis, President of the Florida Association for Behavior Analysis, a Lifetime Achievement Award of the OBM Network, a S.A.B.A. Award for Public Service, a Lifetime Achievement Award of the Standard Celeration Society, and the Fred S. Keller Behavioral Education Award from APA Division 25. He served as an editorial board member of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, the Journal of Personalized Instruction, the Journal of Prevision Teaching, The Behavior Analyst, Behavioral Assessment, and Behavior and Social issues.

This superficial summary of Hank's career leaves out what for many colleagues and students were his most memorable qualities. He was both a widely loved colleague and a popular and highly respected teacher at all levels. He had an easy-going personal style that encouraged others to appreciate his observations and arguments. His sly sense of humor was only part of what appealed to students and colleagues. He made the subject matter of his courses and presentations important and inspired others to see how they could make a difference. Henry S. Pennypacker's powerful influence on those who knew him mirrored his enduring influence on our field.

Henry S. Pennypacker（所有认识他的人都称呼他为“汉克”）于 2023 年 9 月 12 日去世。他的职业生涯跨越了行为分析领域的发展，并为其进步做出了不可估量的贡献。

汉克在蒙大拿州米苏拉长大，在蒙大拿大学获得学士和硕士学位。他在杜克大学师从格雷戈里·金布尔 (Gregory Kimble)，并于 1962 年获得博士学位。随后，他加入佛罗里达大学 (UF) 心理学系，并于 1998 年退休，尽管他继续在行为分析领域发挥积极作用。程序。

尽管在佛罗里达大学的头几年，他的博士研究重点仍然是猴子的经典眼睑调节，但他很快就开始转向行为分析，并逐渐获得了独特的身份。爱德华·F·马拉戈迪 (Edward F. Malagodi) 系的加入既反映了这一转变，也促进了这一转变，爱德华·马拉戈迪在丹·克鲁斯 (Dan Cruise) 的指导下在迈阿密大学完成了博士论文。1968 年，埃德带着建立鸽子实验室的拨款来到这里，并承诺教授行为分析方面的核心研究生课程。埃德的角色启动了该部门的行为分析项目，该项目由汉克领导，该项目是该国最早的项目之一，并且一直延续到今天。马克·布兰奇 (Marc Branch) 很快加入了该项目，将重点放在了行为药理学上。我于 1975 年加入了该项目，并于 1970 年在汉克 (Hank) 的指导下完成了研究生学习。

汉克对行为分析的兴趣很快就形成了。他致力于在本科生教学中实践他在讲台上所宣讲的内容，因此开始积极主动地研究如何将学生的表现提高到可以合理地称为掌握水平的方法（参见Johnston＆Pennypacker，  1971）。这一努力是该领域对将行为分析应用于大学水平教学技术日益增长的兴趣的一部分，最终导致汉克建立了一个涉及其他教师和课程的大学范围内的计划，以及与佛罗里达大学体育系的一项安排，对维持学生运动员的资格感兴趣。

然而，他的本科教学工作只是他对教育兴趣的开始。1969 年，汉克邀请奥格登·林兹利 (Ogden Lindsley) 在佛罗里达大学举办为期三天的精准教学培训师研讨会。这段经历巩固了与 Og 的终生专业和个人关系，Og 正处于制定精准教学及其六周期标准行为图的早期阶段。Hank 于 1972 年与人合着了该图表的开创性手册（Pennypacker 等，  1972），并于 2003 年出版了第二版（Pennypacker 等，  2003）。在他的整个职业生涯中，他一直是精准教学界的领导者。

汉克文学成就的核心是 1980 年出版的研究方法教科书，该教科书以西德曼的《科学研究策略》 （1960 年）为基础。我们在 20 世纪 70 年代中期开始了这个项目，目的是解决 Sidman 面向实验室的书中通常未涉及的测量实践，并为不断增长的领域的方法实践创建一个全面的标准。在三年的每日晨间工作中，我们在法律笔记本上写下了第一版《人类行为研究的策略与策略》 ，分享了段落甚至句子的起草。它于 1980 年出版（Johnston & Pennypacker，  1980）。随后的三个版本中的每一个版本都根据该领域的发展进行了彻底的修订，特别是在有资格的 ABA 从业者的影响力不断增加方面。本版在上一标题（行为研究与实践的策略和策略）中添加了“实践”，并添加了吉娜·格林（Gina Green）作为第三作者（Johnston et al.,  2020）。

随着方法文本的形成，汉克采取了一项重大举措，该举措在他的余下职业生涯中基本上持续进行——以研究为基础开发一种用于检测乳腺癌的乳房自检 (BSE) 技术以及一种转让该技术的方法在全球范围内。随着 BSE 技术取得成果，他成立了 Mammatech Corporation，作为向医学界以及直接向女性传播该技术的一种方式。这个长期项目产生了许多专利和广泛发行的出版物，并且仍然是如何开发行为技术并将其转移到市场的缩影（Pennypacker，  1986）。

这些不同的兴趣和项目构成了他职业生涯中最引人注目的方面，但它们不应掩盖其他产生重要和持久成果的活动。20 世纪 70 年代末，佛罗里达州康复服务部成立了一个由全国知名行为分析师组成的同行评审委员会，负责监督全州智障人士 ABA 服务的提供情况。汉克很快成为该委员会的主席，该委员会每年对广泛的服务提供设施进行访问，提出改善服务的建议。随着时间的推移，这种方法被其他州采用，并且仍然是各州管理此类服务的主要组成部分。

作为该计划的一部分，佛罗里达州同行评审委员会认识到需要某种证书来识别在应用行为分析方面具有一定专业水平的个人。汉克组织了一项初步的资格考试，后来导致州政府签订了专业构建的考试和测试计划的合同。这一成功的国家计划最终成为行为分析认证委员会国家认证计划的基础。

汉克担任剑桥行为研究中心董事会主席多年，获得众多荣誉和奖项，包括美国心理学会（APA）第25部院士、行为分析协会主席、佛罗里达行为分析协会、OBM 网络终身成就奖、SABA 公共服务奖、标准加速协会终身成就奖以及 APA 第 25 部门的 Fred S. Keller 行为教育奖。 《应用行为分析杂志》、《个性化教学杂志》、《预测教学杂志》、《行为分析师》、《行为评估》以及《行为和社会问题》的编委会成员。

对汉克职业生涯的肤浅总结遗漏了许多同事和学生最难忘的品质。他既是一位广受爱戴的同事，也是一位在各个级别上都受欢迎且德高望重的老师。他具有随和的个人风格，鼓励其他人欣赏他的观察和论点。他狡猾的幽默感只是吸引学生和同事的部分原因。他强调课程和演讲的主题，并激励其他人看看他们如何能够做出改变。亨利·S·彭尼帕克 (Henry S. Pennypacker) 对认识他的人的强大影响反映了他对我们领域的持久影响。