Superhydrophobicity (SHP) is an incredible phenomenon of extreme water repellency of surfaces ubiquitous in nature (E.g. lotus leaves, butterfly wings, taro leaves, mosquito eyes, water-strider legs, etc). Historically, surface exhibiting water contact angle (WCA) > 150° and contact angle hysteresis <10° is considered as SHP. The SHP surfaces garnered considerable attention in recent years due to their applications in anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, self-cleaning, oil-water separation, viscous drag reduction, anti-icing, etc. As corrosion and marine biofouling are global problems, there has been focused efforts in combating these issues using innovative environmentally friendly coatings designs taking cues from natural SHP surfaces. Over the last two decades, though significant progress has been made on the fabrication of various SHP surfaces, the practical adaptation of these surfaces for various applications is hampered, mainly because of the high cost, non-scalability, lack of simplicity, non-adaptability for a wide range of substrates, poor mechanical robustness and chemical inertness. Despite the extensive research, the exact mechanism of corrosion/anti-fouling of such coatings also remains elusive. The current focus of research in recent years has been on the development of facile, eco-friendly, cost-effective, mechanically robust chemically inert, and scalable methods to prepare durable SHP coating on a variety of surfaces. Although there are some general reviews on SHP surfaces, there is no comprehensive review focusing on SHP on metallic and alloy surfaces with corrosion-resistant and antifouling properties. This review is aimed at filling this gap. This review provides a pedagogical description with the necessary background, key concepts, genesis, classical models of superhydrophobicity, rational design of SHP, coatings characterization, testing approaches, mechanisms, and novel fabrication approaches currently being explored for anticorrosion and antifouling, both from a fundamental and practical perspective. The review also provides a summary of important experimental studies with key findings, and detailed descriptions of the evaluation of surface morphologies, chemical properties, mechanical, chemical, corrosion, and antifouling properties. The recent developments in the fabrication of SHP -Cr-Mo steel, Ti, and Al are presented, along with the latest understanding of the mechanism of anticorrosion and antifouling properties of the coating also discussed. In addition, different promising applications of SHP surfaces in diverse disciplines are discussed. The last part of the review highlights the challenges and future directions. The review is an ideal material for researchers practicing in the field of coatings and also serves as an excellent reference for freshers who intend to begin research on this topic.

中文翻译：

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防腐/防污超疏水涂层的全面综述：制备、评估、应用、挑战和未来展望

超疏水性（SHP）是自然界中普遍存在的表面（例如荷叶、蝴蝶翅膀、芋头叶、蚊子眼睛、水黾腿等）的一种令人难以置信的极端防水现象。从历史上看，水接触角 (WCA) > 150° 且接触角滞后 <10° 的表面被视为 SHP。近年来，小水电表面因其在防腐、防污、自清洁、油水分离、减粘阻、防冰等方面的应用而受到广泛关注。腐蚀和海洋生物污损是全球性问题，人们一直在努力利用受天然小水电表面启发的创新环保涂料设计来解决这些问题。在过去的二十年中，尽管各种小水电表面的制造取得了重大进展，但这些表面在各种应用中的实际应用受到阻碍，主要是因为成本高、不可扩展性、缺乏简单性、不适应性适用于多种基材，机械强度和化学惰性较差。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但此类涂层的腐蚀/防污的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。近年来的研究重点是开发简便、环保、经济高效、机械稳健、化学惰性和可扩展的方法，以在各种表面上制备耐用的 SHP 涂层。尽管对SHP表面有一些一般性的综述，但还没有针对具有耐腐蚀和防污性能的金属和合金表面的SHP的全面综述。本次审查旨在填补这一空白。本综述提供了必要的背景、关键概念、起源、超疏水性的​​经典模型、SHP 的合理设计、涂层表征、测试方法、机制以及目前正在探索的防腐和防污新型制造方法的教学描述，均从基础角度进行了阐述。和实际的角度。该综述还总结了重要的实验研究和主要发现，并详细描述了表面形态、化学性能、机械、化学、腐蚀和防污性能的评估。介绍了SHP-Cr-Mo钢、Ti和Al制造的最新进展，并讨论了涂层防腐和防污性能机理的最新认识。此外，还讨论了小水电表面在不同学科中的不同有前途的应用。回顾的最后一部分强调了挑战和未来的方向。该综述对于涂料领域的研究人员来说是理想的材料，对于打算开始研究该主题的新手来说也是一个极好的参考。