The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in serum glypican 4 (GPC4) and clusterin (CLU) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as well as their correlation with sex hormones and metabolic parameters. A total of 40 PCOS patients and 40 age-matched healthy women were selected. Serum GPC4 and CLU levels were compared between the PCOS and control groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relative risk of PCOS at different tertiles of serum GPC4 and CLU concentrations. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the factors influencing serum GPC4 and CLU levels in PCOS patients. Serum GPC4 (1.82 ± 0.49 vs 1.30 ± 0.61 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and CLU (468.79 ± 92.85 vs 228.59 ± 82.42 µg/mL, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in healthy women after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). In the PCOS group, serum GPC4 was positively correlated with follicle-stimulating hormone, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, and CLU (P < 0.05), whereas serum CLU was positively correlated with BMI, FPG, FINS, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was independently associated with serum GPC4, and BMI and HOMA-IR were independently associated with CLU (P < 0.05). Serum GPC4 and CLU levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in healthy women, suggesting that GPC4 and CLU may be markers associated with insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

该研究的目的是探讨多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者血清磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖4（GPC4）和簇蛋白（CLU）水平的变化及其与性激素和代谢参数的相关性。总共选择了 40 名 PCOS 患者和 40 名年龄匹配的健康女性。比较PCOS组和对照组之间的血清GPC4和CLU水平，并采用二元Logistic回归分析不同血清GPC4和CLU浓度三分位时PCOS的相对风险。采用逐步线性回归来确定影响 PCOS 患者血清 GPC4 和 CLU 水平的因素。调整身体后，PCOS 患者的血清 GPC4（1.82 ± 0.49 vs 1.30 ± 0.61 ng/mL，P < 0.001）和 CLU（468.79 ± 92.85 vs 228.59 ± 82.42 µg/mL，P < 0.001）显着高于健康女性质量指数（BMI）。PCOS 组血清 GPC4 与促卵泡激素、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、甘油三酯、CLU 呈正相关（ P < 0.05） ，而血清 CLU 与 BMI、FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR 呈正相关（P < 0.05）。多元逐步线性回归分析显示，HOMA-IR 与血清 GPC4 独立相关，BMI、HOMA-IR 与 CLU 独立相关（P < 0.05）。PCOS 患者血清 GPC4 和 CLU 水平显着高于健康女性，提示 GPC4 和 CLU 可能是与 PCOS 女性胰岛素抵抗相关的标志物。