Abstract

Human-mediated introductions of non-native species are expected to increase globally and threaten native biodiversity. Lepomis auritus (Redbreast Sunfish), a carnivorous freshwater fish native to rivers in eastern North America, has been introduced far outside of its native range due to its popularity in recreational fisheries. However, poor documentation of introductions and lack of thorough ichthyofaunal surveys before the mid-20th century have complicated our understanding of the establishment and spread of non-native L. auritus over the past 90 years, precluding effective management. We conducted phylogenomic analyses using ddRAD data from 197 specimens of L. auritus collected throughout the known geographic range of the species to reconstruct the introduction history of the species. Our protocols allow for the reconstruction of complicated introduction routes and reveal that L. auritus in Texas is the result of a single-source introduction from the Suwannee River, the population in the upper Tennessee River has two sources of introduction from the Savannah River and the northeastern rivers that drain into the Atlantic Ocean, and the populations in the middle Tennessee River and the Mobile River Basin have sources from the upper Tennessee River system and the Apalachicola River Basin. Ecological and evolutionary investigations of the non-native populations of L. auritus will broaden the understanding of invasion dynamics in species of Lepomis and other non-native freshwater fishes in North America. Our study provides critical information for the conservation of native populations and invasive management of non-native populations of L. auritus.

中文翻译：

---

红胸太阳鱼 Lepomis auritus 外来种群的鉴定及入侵路线的重建

摘要

人类介导的非本地物种引进预计将在全球范围内增加并威胁本地生物多样性。Lepomis auritus（红胸太阳鱼）是一种原产于北美东部河流的肉食性淡水鱼，由于其在休闲渔业中的受欢迎程度，已被引入到其原生范围之外的地方。然而，在 20 世纪中叶之前，引入记录的记录很少，而且缺乏彻底的鱼类区系调查，这使得我们对过去 90 年来非本地L. auritus的建立和传播的理解变得复杂，阻碍了有效的管理。我们使用在该物种已知地理范围内收集的197 个L. auritus样本的 ddRAD 数据进行了系统发育分析，以重建该物种的引入历史。我们的协议允许重建复杂的引入路线，并揭示德克萨斯州的L. auritus是从苏万尼河单一来源引入的结果，田纳西河上游的种群有来自萨凡纳河和流入大西洋的东北部河流以及田纳西河中部和莫比尔河流域的人口的水源来自田纳西河上游水系和阿巴拉契科拉河流域。对L. auritus非本地种群的生态和进化研究将拓宽对北美Lepomis和其他非本地淡水鱼类入侵动态的理解。我们的研究为本地L. auritus种群的保护和非本地 L. auritus 种群的侵入性管理提供了关键信息。