Objective: To investigate the mortality impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US-born and foreign-born populations by race and Hispanic origin in the United States in 2020. Methods: Death records from the National Center for Health Statistics and population data from CDC WONDER were used to estimate (1) age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality at ages 25+, 25–64, and 65+ in 2017–2019 and 2020 by nativity, race, Hispanic origin, and sex; (2) changes in mortality between these two periods; and (3) the cause-specific contributions to these changes. Results: Mortality increased in 2020 relative to 2017–2019 for all racial and Hispanic-origin groups. Adjusting for age, mortality increases were larger at ages 25+ among foreign-born males (390 deaths for 100,000 residents) and females (189) than among US-born males (223) and females (144). The large mortality rise among foreign-born Hispanic men (593) contributed to the narrowing of their mortality advantage relative to White men, from 426 to 134. An increase in mortality among both foreign-born and US-born Black males and females increased the Black–White mortality disparities by 318 for males and by 180 for females. Although COVID-19 mortality was the main driver of the increase among foreign-born residents, circulatory diseases and malignant neoplasms also contributed. Contribution: We show that the COVID-19 pandemic had a greater impact on foreign-born populations than on their US-born counterparts. These findings highlight the need to address the underlying inequalities and unique challenges faced by foreign-born populations.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行第一年美国的移民死亡率优势（作者：Eugenio Paglino、Irma T. Elo）

目的：调查 2020 年美国境内按种族和西班牙裔血统划分的 COVID-19 大流行对美国出生和外国出生人口的死亡率影响。方法：来自国家卫生统计中心的死亡记录和来自 CDC 的人口数据WONDER 用于估计 (1) 2017-2019 年和 2020 年 25 岁以上、25-64 岁和 65 岁以上按出生地、种族、西班牙裔和性别划分的年龄标准化全因和特定原因死亡率；(2) 这两个时期之间死亡率的变化；(3) 这些变化的特定原因的贡献。结果：与 2017-2019 年相比，2020 年所有种族和西班牙裔群体的死亡率均有所增加。调整年龄后，25 岁​​以上的外国出生男性（10 万居民中有 390 人死亡）和女性（189 人）的死亡率增幅高于美国出生的男性（223 人）和女性（144 人）。外国出生的西班牙裔男性死亡率大幅上升（593 人），导致他们相对于白人男性的死亡率优势缩小，从 426 人缩小到 134 人。外国出生和美国出生的黑人男性和女性的死亡率增加，导致他们的死亡率优势从 426 人缩小到 134 人。黑人与白人的死亡率差异，男性为 318，女性为 180。尽管 COVID-19 死亡率是外国出生居民死亡人数增加的主要原因，但循环系统疾病和恶性肿瘤也有所贡献。贡献：我们发现，与美国出生的人口相比，COVID-19 大流行对外国出生人口的影响更大。这些发现强调需要解决外国出生人口面临的潜在不平等和独特挑战。