1,1-Diethoxybutane is a high-potential biofuel additive that enhances various fuel properties, which include cetane number, lubricity, biodegradability, and flash point. This work presents a kinetic and thermodynamic study on the acetalization reaction between butanal and ethanol in the presence of Amberlyst-15 wet in a batch reactor. The experiments were conducted in the temperature range 313–333 K at atmospheric pressure with three different initial molar ratios of reactants and catalyst loadings. An optimal parameter setting to achieve maximum equilibrium conversion of butanal was derived from a parametric study with these three factors. The equilibrium constant for the reaction was determined. Standard thermodynamic properties of the reaction, such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, were experimentally evaluated. The activity-based two-parameter Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson rate expression was used for reaction kinetics. The activity coefficients were calculated by the UNIFAC method. The kinetic parameters and the activation energy were evaluated from the experimental data. The experimental data and data predicted by the model were found to be in good agreement.

中文翻译：

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Amberlyst-15 湿法催化间歇合成 1,1-二乙氧基丁烷的动力学、热力学和参数研究

1,1-二乙氧基丁烷是一种高潜力的生物燃料添加剂，可增强各种燃料特性，包括十六烷值、润滑性、生物降解性和闪点。这项工作对间歇式反应器中湿 Amberlyst-15 存在下丁醛和乙醇之间的缩醛化反应进行了动力学和热力学研究。实验在大气压、313-333 K 的温度范围内进行，反应物和催化剂负载量具有三种不同的初始摩尔比。通过对这三个因素的参数研究得出了实现丁醛最大平衡转化率的最佳参数设置。测定反应的平衡常数。通过实验评估了反应的标准热力学性质，例如焓、熵和吉布斯自由能。基于活性的二参数 Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson 速率表达式用于反应动力学。活度系数通过UNIFAC方法计算。根据实验数据评估了动力学参数和活化能。实验数据与模型预测数据吻合良好。