DNA exonucleases and endonucleases are key executors of the genome during many physiological processes. They generate double-stranded DNA by cleaving damaged endogenous or exogenous DNA, triggering the activation of the innate immune pathways such as cGAS-STING-IFN, and enabling the body to produce anti-viral or anti-tumor immune responses. This is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the genome and improving the therapeutic efficacy of tumors. In addition, genomic instability caused by exonuclease mutations contributes to the development of various autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the DNA exonucleases and endonucleases which have critical functions in immunity and associated diseases.

DNA核酸外切酶和核酸内切酶是许多生理过程中基因组的关键执行者。它们通过裂解受损的内源性或外源性DNA产生双链DNA，触发先天免疫途径的激活，例如cGAS-STING-IFN，并使机体产生抗病毒或抗肿瘤的免疫反应。这对于维持基因组的稳定性、提高肿瘤的治疗效果具有重要意义。此外，核酸外切酶突变引起的基因组不稳定会导致各种自身免疫性疾病的发生。本综述总结了在免疫和相关疾病中具有关键功能的 DNA 核酸外切酶和核酸内切酶。