A series of experiments were carried out to develop a phytosanitary disinfestation protocol to kill Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann) (Mediterranean fruit fly, Diptera: Tephritidae) in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson) and ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.). Experiments on 4 immature life stages (eggs and 3 larval instars) with treatment durations of between 5 and 18 days showed that third instars were the most tolerant to temperatures around 3 °C, with the lethal time to 99.9968% (probit 9) mortality (LT99.9968) estimated to be 17.3 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 16.4–18.2). Larvae reared and treated in ‘Zesy002’ were significantly more susceptible to cold treatment than those reared in ‘Hayward’. A large-scale trial testing a disinfestation protocol of 3 ± 0.5 °C for 18 days treated over 500,000 third-instar C. capitata with no survivors. These results demonstrate that a cold treatment of 3.5 °C or below for 18 days induces C. capitata mortality in kiwifruit at a rate that exceeds 99.9968% with a degree of confidence greater than 99%.

中文翻译：

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3°C 的 18 天冷处理可有效杀死猕猴桃（猕猴桃属）中的头状实蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）

进行了一系列实验来制定植物检疫灭虫方案，以杀死“Hayward”猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) CF Liang 和 AR Ferguson）中的 Ceratitis headata (Weidemann)（地中海果蝇，双翅目：实蝇科）和'Zesy002' 猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）。对 4 个未成熟生命阶段（卵和 3 个幼虫龄）进行的实验，治疗持续时间为 5 至 18 天，结果表明，第三龄幼虫对 3 °C 左右的温度最耐受，致死时间为 99.9968%（概率 9）死亡率（ LT99.9968）估计为 17.3 天（95% 置信区间 (CI) 16.4–18.2）。在“Zesy002”中饲养和处理的幼虫明显比在“Hayward”中饲养的幼虫更容易受到冷处理的影响。一项大规模试验测试了 3 ± 0.5 °C 的灭虫方案，持续 18 天，对超过 500,000 只三龄头头蠹虫进行了处理，没有幸存者。这些结果表明，3.5°C 或以下的冷处理 18 天会导致猕猴桃中 C. headata 死亡率超过 99.9968%，置信度大于 99%。