We draw on Colin Jones’ framing of the Sisters of Charity as medical practitioners rather than charitable carers (1989) to centre the entrepreneurialism of Marie Grand and Marie Fiansons’ medical practice in eighteenth-century Lyon. Although historians recognize the significance of early modern European women’s (medical) work, they often assume such work existed in the shadows of the medical marketplace. Archival erasures and gendered narratives obscure the flexibility of women’s medical practices. Grand and Fiansons’ documents, analysed alongside adverts for local medical services, elucidate working women’s medical practices. As silk-workers and self-defined ‘chymists’ and herbalists, Grand and Fiansons were at the centre of healthcare and medicine. The breadth of their practice and networks emerges through the exceptional survival of their ‘counter-archive’ in the consular court archives. Their story reveals the fluidity and porousness of boundaries between domestic and occupational medicine, precarity and commodified care work, and charity and entrepreneurialism.

中文翻译：

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以女性为中心：十八世纪里昂的医疗创业主义和“大医学”

我们利用科林·琼斯（Colin Jones）将慈善修女会描述为医疗从业者而不是慈善护理人员（1989）来集中玛丽·格兰德（Marie Grand）和玛丽·费安森斯（Marie Fiansons）在十八世纪里昂的医疗实践的创业精神。尽管历史学家认识到早期现代欧洲女性（医疗）工作的重要性，但他们经常假设此类工作存在于医疗市场的阴影中。档案删除和性别叙事掩盖了女性医疗实践的灵活性。格兰德和费安森斯的文件与当地医疗服务的广告一起分析，阐明了职业女性的医疗实践。作为丝绸工人和自我定义的“化学家”和草药师，格兰德和费安森处于医疗保健和医学的中心。他们的实践和网络的广度通过他们在领事法庭档案中的“反档案”的特殊保存而显现出来。他们的故事揭示了家庭医学和职业医学、不稳定和商品化护理工作、慈善和企业家精神之间界限的流动性和漏洞。