Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.

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癌症中的选择性自噬：机制、治疗意义和未来前景

真核细胞参与自噬，这是一种通过溶酶体进行自我降解的内部过程。根据其选择降解底物的方式，自噬可分为选择性或非选择性。在选择性自噬过程中，受损和/或多余的细胞器，如线粒体、过氧化物酶体、核糖体、内质网（ER）、溶酶体、细胞核、蛋白酶体和脂滴被选择性地回收。特定的货物通过特定的受体递送至自噬体，并被分离和吞噬。选择性自噬功能障碍与癌症、神经退行性疾病、代谢紊乱、心力衰竭等密切相关。本文通过回顾最新研究，总结了选择性自噬的分子标志物和重要信号通路及其在癌症中的重要作用。此外，我们对靶向选择性自噬的小分子化合物及其在抗肿瘤治疗中的潜在应用进行了全面分析，阐明了所涉及的潜在机制。该综述旨在为未来靶向选择性自噬的抗肿瘤生物学机制和药物发现提供重要的科学参考和发展方向。