Cow milk is a widely consumed liquid diet, and its fatty acid composition impacts its nutritional and biochemical properties. However, research on the anticancer efficacy of cow milk-derived fat in liver cancer cells is limited. This study investigated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of cow milk-derived fat in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Additionally, the effects of cow milk-derived fat on cell cycle progression and Janus kinase (JAK)-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 signaling in HepG2 cells were assessed. Furthermore, the histone deacetylase inhibitory and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging potential of cow milk-derived fat were examined. The results demonstrate that cow milk-derived fat can exert antiproliferative and anticlonogenic effects and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells dose-dependently. Furthermore, cow milk-derived fat induced cell cycle arrest, suppressed the levels of pJAK-2 and pSTAT-3, and inhibited the total histone deacetylase activity in HepG2 cells. The fatty acid profile of cow milk-derived fat revealed that palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were abundant as saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Our findings provide a new scientific basis for the development of anticancer strategies that utilize cow milk-derived fat and its derivatives against liver cancer.

中文翻译：

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牛奶脂肪抑制肝癌细胞的增殖

牛奶是一种广泛食用的流质饮食，其脂肪酸成分影响其营养和生化特性。然而，关于牛奶来源的脂肪对肝癌细胞的抗癌功效的研究是有限的。本研究调查了牛奶来源的脂肪对人肝癌 HepG2 细胞的抗增殖和凋亡作用。此外，还评估了牛奶来源的脂肪对 HepG2 细胞中细胞周期进程和 Janus 激酶 (JAK)-2/信号转导器和转录激活剂 (STAT)-3 信号传导的影响。此外，还检查了牛奶来源脂肪的组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制和 2,2-二苯基-1-三硝基苯肼自由基清除潜力。结果表明，牛奶来源的脂肪可以发挥抗增殖和抗克隆形成作用，并以剂量​​依赖性方式诱导 HepG2 细胞凋亡。此外，牛奶来源的脂肪诱导细胞周期停滞，抑制 pJAK-2 和 pSTAT-3 的水平，并抑制 HepG2 细胞中的总组蛋白脱乙酰酶活性。牛奶来源脂肪的脂肪酸谱显示，棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸分别富含饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸。我们的研究结果为开发利用牛奶脂肪及其衍生物对抗肝癌的抗癌策略提供了新的科学基础。