Microbial infection has been associated with thrombogenesis. This study aimed to detect bacterium-specific genes and other signatures in thrombi from patients with acute ischemic stroke and to relate these signatures to clinical characteristics. Blood samples were collected before thrombectomy procedures, and thrombus samples were obtained during the procedure. Identification and classification of bacteria in the samples were accomplished using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterium-specific structures were observed with transmission electron microscopy. Bacterium-specific biomarkers were detected through immunohistochemical staining. 16 S rRNA gene was detected in 32.1% of the thrombus samples from 81 patients. Bacillus (0.04% vs. 0.00046%, p = 0.003), Parabacteroides (0.20% vs. 0.09%, p = 0.029), Prevotella (1.57% vs. 0.38%, p = 0.010), Streptococcus (1.53% vs. 0.29%, p = 0.001), Romboutsia (0.18% vs. 0.0070%, p = 0.029), Corynebacterium (1.61% vs. 1.26%, p = 0.026) and Roseburia (0.53% vs. 0.05%, p = 0.005) exhibited significantly higher abundance in thrombi compared to arterial blood. Bacteria-like structures were observed in 22 (27.1%), while whole bacteria-like structures were observed in 7 (8.6%) thrombi under transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining detected bacterium-specific monocyte/macrophage markers in 51 (63.0%) out of 81 thrombi. Logistic regression analysis indicated that alcohol consumption was associated with a higher bacteria burden in thrombi (odds ratio = 3.19; 95% CI, 1.10–9.27; p = 0.033). Bacterial signatures usually found in the oral cavity and digestive tract were detected in thrombi from patients with ischemic stroke. This suggests a potential involvement of bacterial infection in the development of thrombosis. Long-term alcohol consumption may potentially enhance this possibility.

中文翻译：

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检测急性缺血性中风患者血栓中的原核生物特异性基因和其他细菌特征

微生物感染与血栓形成有关。本研究旨在检测急性缺血性中风患者血栓中的细菌特异性基因和其他特征，并将这些特征与临床特征联系起来。在血栓切除术之前收集血液样本，并在手术过程中获取血栓样本。使用 16 S rRNA 基因测序完成样品中细菌的鉴定和分类。用透射电子显微镜观察细菌特异性结构。通过免疫组织化学染色检测细菌特异性生物标志物。81 名患者的 32.1% 的血栓样本中检测到 16 S rRNA 基因。芽孢杆菌（0.04% vs. 0.00046%，p = 0.003）、副拟杆菌（0.20% vs. 0.09%，p = 0.029）、普氏菌（1.57% vs. 0.38%，p = 0.010）、链球菌（1.53% vs. 0.29%） ，p = 0.001）、Romboutsia（0.18% vs. 0.0070%，p = 0.029）、棒状杆菌（1.61% vs. 1.26%，p = 0.026）和 Roseburia（0.53% vs. 0.05%，p = 0.005）表现出显着更高与动脉血相比，血栓数量较多。透射电镜下，22 个（27.1%）血栓中观察到细菌样结构，7 个（8.6%）血栓中观察到完整的细菌样结构。免疫组织化学染色在 81 个血栓中的 51 个（63.0%）中检测到细菌特异性单核细胞/巨噬细胞标记。Logistic 回归分析表明，饮酒与血栓中较高的细菌负荷相关（比值比 = 3.19；95% CI，1.10–9.27；p = 0.033）。在缺血性中风患者的血栓中检测到了通常在口腔和消化道中发现的细菌特征。这表明细菌感染可能参与血栓形成的发生。长期饮酒可能会增加这种可能性。