This review aims to synthesize the current body of knowledge surrounding the complexities, advancements, and best practices in sedation and anesthesia for pediatric patients undergoing radiological diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The article examines several types of procedures that necessitate sedation, pre-sedation assessment protocols, and pharmacological considerations. It explores into the intricacies of patient monitoring, potential benefits and risks, and special considerations that healthcare providers must account for. Emphasis is placed on the qualifications required for non-anesthesiologists involved in administering anesthesia or sedation, along with the essential equipment and safety protocols. The review also addresses the ethical, legal, and psychosocial facets of this multifaceted clinical issue, culminating in an overview of future research directions and concluding remarks on quality improvement measures. The review found that pediatric sedation and anesthesia for radiological procedures have improved significantly in terms of safety, administration, and monitoring; however, several research gaps and opportunities remain, such as: quantifying the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions; exploring individualized sedation protocols; investigating the impact of cultural and psychosocial factors; assessing the long-term neurodevelopmental effects; developing machine learning algorithms; and evaluating the post-procedural quality of life in pediatric patients.

本综述旨在综合当前关于接受放射诊断和治疗程序的儿科患者镇静和麻醉的复杂性、进展和最佳实践的知识体系。本文探讨了几种需要镇静的手术、镇静前评估方案和药理学考虑因素。它探讨了患者监测的复杂性、潜在的益处和风险，以及医疗保健提供者必须考虑的特殊考虑因素。重点关注参与麻醉或镇静管理的非麻醉师所需的资格，以及必要的设备和安全协议。该综述还讨论了这一多方面临床问题的伦理、法律和心理社会方面，最终概述了未来的研究方向和对质量改进措施的结论性评论。审查发现，放射学手术中的儿科镇静和麻醉在安全性、管理和监测方面有了显着改善；然而，仍然存在一些研究差距和机会，例如：量化非药物干预措施的有效性；探索个体化镇静方案；调查文化和社会心理因素的影响；评估长期神经发育影响；开发机器学习算法；并评估儿科患者的术后生活质量。