The endometrium microvessel system, responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the embryo, holds significant importance in evaluating endometrial receptivity (ER). Visualizing this system directly can significantly enhance ER evaluation. Currently, clinical methods like Narrow-band hysteroscopy and Color Doppler ultrasound are commonly used for uterine blood vessel examination, but they have limitations in depth or resolution. Endoscopic Photoacoustic Imaging (PAE) has proven effective in visualizing microvessels in the digestive tract, while its adaptation to uterine imaging faces challenges due to the uterus's unique physiological characteristics. This paper for the first time that uses high-resolution PAE in vivo to capture a comprehensive network of endometrial microvessels non-invasively. Followed by continuous observation and quantitative analysis in the endometrial injury model, we further corroborated that PAE detection of endometrial microvessels stands as a valuable indicator for evaluating ER. The PAE system showcases its promising potential for integration into reproductive health assessments.

子宫内膜微血管系统负责向胚胎提供氧气和营养，在评估子宫内膜容受性（ER）方面具有重要意义。直接可视化该系统可以显着增强 ER 评估。目前临床常用窄带宫腔镜、彩色多普勒超声等方法进行子宫血管检查，但在深度或分辨率方面存在局限性。内窥镜光声成像（PAE）已被证明可以有效地观察消化道中的微血管，但由于子宫独特的生理特征，其对子宫成像的适应面临着挑战。本文首次在体内使用高分辨率 PAE 非侵入性捕获子宫内膜微血管的全面网络。通过对子宫内膜损伤模型的持续观察和定量分析，我们进一步证实PAE检测子宫内膜微血管是评价ER的一个有价值的指标。PAE 系统展示了其融入生殖健康评估的巨大潜力。