Rock-ice avalanches have high mobility and enormous destructive potential. However, the friction behaviors and flow resistance during the transition of flow regimes of the rock-ice avalanche remains an unsolved problem. Based on a series of measurements of normal, shear stress and pore water pressure at the rotating drum in a temperature-controllable laboratory, we quantify the influence of the ice content, particle size, drum velocity, and meltwater on the friction behaviors. The findings reveal that ice acts as a low-friction particle, leading to a significant reduction in frictional resistance of both particle-particle and particle-base. Furthermore, meltwater lubricates the particles and provides buoyancy, which also increases the mobility of the rock-ice avalanche. In addition, the augmentation of flow resistance is attributed to the increased particle size and drum velocity, thereby intensifying shear motion. In order to propose an unify theoretical model to calculate the flow resistance of rock-ice avalanche in various flow regimes. A heuristic model that relies on the extended dynamics theory is modified and can be well described the flow resistance of the tests involved in this paper. This study in the friction behaviors and flow resistance depending on the internal/external factors may be considered in hazard assessments of rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions.

岩冰雪崩具有高度的流动性和巨大的破坏潜力。然而，岩冰雪崩流态转变过程中的摩擦行为和流动阻力仍然是一个尚未解决的问题。基于在温度可控实验室中对旋转滚筒的法向应力、剪切应力和孔隙水压力的一系列测量，我们量化了冰含量、颗粒尺寸、滚筒速度和融水对摩擦行为的影响。研究结果表明，冰充当低摩擦颗粒，导致颗粒-颗粒和颗粒-基体的摩擦阻力显着降低。此外，融水润滑颗粒并提供浮力，这也增加了岩冰雪崩的流动性。此外，流动阻力的增加归因于颗粒尺寸和滚筒速度的增加，从而增强了剪切运动。为了提出一个统一的理论模型来计算各种流态下岩冰雪崩的流动阻力。修改了依赖于扩展动力学理论的启发式模型，可以很好地描述本文涉及的测试的流动阻力。这项对取决于内部/外部因素的摩擦行为和流动阻力的研究可以在寒冷高山地区岩冰雪崩的危险评估中考虑。