Advances in nanofabrication, instrumentation, miniaturization, and particularly the increased interdisciplinary dialogue between spectroscopists and their subscribers (biologists, environmentalists, and clinicians) have accelerated the application of surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) to biochemical analysis. This review outlines the basic principles of SEIRAS and its application to biochemical analysis in recent years. The review also comprehensively describes how SEIRAS can identify and quantify the biochemical activities of small molecules, biomacromolecules, and microorganisms, and summarizes the application trends of SEIRAS-based analytics and the value of SEIRAS information in modern biochemical applications and processes. Finally, it discusses the current challenges in SEIRAS-based biochemical analysis and proposes perspectives for further research in this field. Ultimately, the review aims to bridge the knowledge gap and promote further progress in SEIRAS-based biochemical analysis.

纳米制造、仪器仪表、小型化方面的进步，特别是光谱学家与其用户（生物学家、环境学家和临床医生）之间跨学科对话的增加，加速了表面增强红外吸收光谱 (SEIRAS) 在生化分析中的应用。本文概述了SEIRAS的基本原理及其近年来在生化分析中的应用。该综述还全面描述了SEIRAS如何识别和量化小分子、生物大分子和微生物的生化活性，并总结了基于SEIRAS的分析的应用趋势以及SEIRAS信息在现代生化应用和过程中的价值。最后，讨论了基于SEIRAS的生化分析当前面临的挑战，并提出了该领域进一步研究的前景。最终，该综述旨在弥合知识差距并促进基于 SEIRAS 的生化分析的进一步进展。