Tissue-specific adult stem cells are pivotal in maintaining tissue homeostasis, especially in the rapidly renewing intestinal epithelium. At the heart of this process are leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-expressing crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) that differentiate into various intestinal epithelial cells. However, while these CBCs are vital for tissue turnover, they are vulnerable to cytotoxic agents. Recent advances indicate that alternative stem cell sources drive the epithelial regeneration post-injury. Techniques like lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, combined with in vitro organoid systems, highlight the remarkable cellular adaptability of the intestinal epithelium during repair. These regenerative responses are mediated by the reactivation of conserved stem cells, predominantly quiescent stem cells and revival stem cells. With focus on these cells, this review unpacks underlying mechanisms governing intestinal regeneration and explores their potential clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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探索肠道再生景观：聚焦静止调节和胎儿重编程。

组织特异性成体干细胞对于维持组织稳态至关重要，尤其是在快速更新的肠上皮中。这一过程的核心是富含亮氨酸重复序列的 G 蛋白偶联受体 5，表达隐窝基底柱状细胞 (CBC)，可分化为各种肠上皮细胞。然而，虽然这些 CBC 对于组织周转至关重要，但它们很容易受到细胞毒性药物的影响。最近的进展表明，替代干细胞来源可以驱动损伤后的上皮再生。谱系追踪和单细胞 RNA 测序等技术与体外类器官系统相结合，突显了肠上皮在修复过程中卓越的细胞适应性。这些再生反应是由保守干细胞（主要是静止干细胞和复兴干细胞）的重新激活介导的。这篇综述以这些细胞为重点，揭示了控制肠道再生的潜在机制，并探讨了它们潜在的临床应用。