Native apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, and invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, are key pests of apple and small fruit, respectively, in the United States. Both species are typically managed with standard insecticide applications. However, interest in alternative strategies that result in insecticide reductions has led to evaluations of nonnutritive sugars as toxicants for Drosophila species and development of attracticidal spheres for both species. Here, we evaluated the survivorship of R. pomonella and D. suzukii when provided with standard diets that substituted saccharin, sucralose, aspartame, erythritol, dextrose, or mannitol for the sucrose component and compared them with standard diets and water-only controls for up to 15 days. Presence of erythritol and mannitol significantly decreased survivorship of R. pomonella and erythritol significantly decreased the survivorship of D. suzukii. However, mobility trials following a 2 h exposure to aqueous solutions of each sugar treatment resulted in no strong impact on either species. Survivorship after 30 min exposure to erythritol or mannitol alone, or in combination with varying concentrations of sucrose (serving as a phagostimulant) at 30 min and 24 h were evaluated for both species. Only D. suzukii survivorship was affected with decreased survivorship on erythritol:sucrose solutions of 20:0% and 15:5% for 24 h. Based on all results, erythritol appeared most promising, and was integrated into attracticidal spheres as a toxicant but even at the highest concentration, survivorship remained unaffected for either species, thus making this nonnutritive sugar impractical and ineffective as a toxicant substitute in attracticidal spheres.

中文翻译：

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实验室饮食和杀吸引球中添加非营养性糖对两种双翅目物种：Rhagoletis pomonella（双翅目：实蝇科）和果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科）的存活率和活动性的影响

本地苹果蛆蝇（Rhagoletis pomonella）和入侵性斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii）分别是美国苹果和小水果的主要害虫。这两个物种通常采用标准杀虫剂应用进行管理。然而，对减少杀虫剂的替代策略的兴趣导致人们对非营养性糖作为果蝇物种的毒物进行了评估，并为这两个物种开发了杀虫剂领域。在这里，我们评估了苹果红线虫和铃木红线虫在提供用糖精、三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜、赤藓糖醇、葡萄糖或甘露醇代替蔗糖成分的标准饮食时的存活率，并将它们与标准饮食和仅水对照进行了比较。至 15 天。赤藓糖醇和甘露醇的存在显着降低了苹果红霉的存活率，而赤藓糖醇则显着降低了铃木木霉的存活率。然而，暴露于每种糖处理的水溶液 2 小时后的迁移性试验并未对任一物种产生强烈影响。对两种物种单独暴露于赤藓糖醇或甘露醇 30 分钟，或与不同浓度的蔗糖（作为诱食剂）组合暴露 30 分钟和 24 小时后的存活率进行了评估。仅 D. suzukii 的存活率受到 20:0% 和 15:5% 赤藓糖醇：蔗糖溶液 24 小时存活率下降的影响。根据所有结果，赤藓糖醇似乎最有前途，并作为毒物被整合到杀吸引球中，但即使在最高浓度，这两个物种的存活率也不受影响，因此使得这种非营养性糖作为杀吸引球中的毒物替代品不切实际且无效。