Artificial diets for silkworms overcome the seasonal limitations of traditional rearing methods with fresh mulberry leaves. However, the current wet artificial diets, steamed at high temperatures, are not favored by silkworms, and they are cumbersome and challenging to preserve. These conditions adversely affected the development of artificial diet-based sericulture production. In this study, we disinfected dry powder diets with radiation and added distilled water without steaming before use. Then, the nutritional value of finished diets and their impact on silkworm development was assessed. Compared with steamed diets, nonsteamed diets were more attractive to silkworms. Chemical assays showed significantly more essential nutrients for silkworms, including l-ascorbic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and urease in nonsteamed diets than in steamed diets. Feeding fifth-instar silkworm larvae with nonsteamed diets significantly improved the ammonia utilization efficiency of the diet and increased the cocoon shell rate and diet/silk protein conversion efficiency by 5.9% and 13.3%, respectively. When fed with nonsteamed diets, the abundance of aerobic microorganisms in silkworm intestines increased and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased. Furthermore, the vitality of the silkworm, measured by the dead worm cocoon rate, significantly improved by 16.90%. In summary, preparing sterile wet diets without high-temperature steaming effectively improved the nutritional value of the diet and enhanced silkworm growth.

中文翻译：

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非蒸煮法提高蚕人工饲料的营养价值和利用效率

蚕人工饲料克服了传统新鲜桑叶饲养方法的季节限制。然而，目前的湿人工饲料在高温下蒸煮，并不受到蚕的青睐，而且它们比较麻烦且难以保存。这些条件对人工饲料养蚕生产的发展产生了不利影响。在这项研究中，我们用辐射对干粉饲料进行消毒，并在使用前添加蒸馏水，无需蒸煮。然后，评估了成品饲料的营养价值及其对蚕发育的影响。与蒸食相比，非蒸食对蚕更具吸引力。化学分析显示，非蒸饲料中的蚕必需营养素明显多于蒸饲料中的，包括 L-抗坏血酸、维生素 B1、维生素 B2 和脲酶。用免蒸饲料饲喂五龄蚕幼虫，饲料氨利用效率显着提高，茧壳率和饲料/丝蛋白转化效率分别提高5.9%和13.3%。饲喂非蒸饲料时，蚕肠道内需氧微生物丰度增加，病原菌丰度减少。此外，以死蚕茧率衡量，蚕的活力显着提高了16.90%。综上所述，制备不需高温蒸煮的无菌湿粮，有效提高了饲料的营养价值，促进了蚕的生长。