Industries and energy markets around the world are facing mounting pressure to decarbonize, prompting them to transform processes and supply chains towards sustainability. However, a lack of credible sustainability data proves to be a considerable barrier for emerging markets for sustainable products: Against the background of complex and globalized supply chains, it is necessary to verify the sustainability claim of products in order to demand price premiums for sustainable products in the long run. To enable this, it is necessary that stakeholders in globalized supply chains are willing to share relevant data along the entire supply chain for increasing traceability and reducing information asymmetries. Using the example of international hydrogen supply chains, we study how data can be shared between different stakeholders using Digital Product Passports while addressing stakeholders’ concerns about data privacy and disclosure. In our work, we develop design principles that provide insight into how a Digital Product Passport should be designed to verify the hydrogen’s carbon footprint in a reliable way and to ensure the willingness of stakeholders to share their data. We follow a multi-step approach with a structured literature review followed by expert interviews and qualitative content analysis for a synthesis of design principles. Our research illustrates that a Digital Product Passport must collect data comprehensively and automatically, process it in a decentralized and tamper-proof manner, protect privacy and sovereignty of stakeholders, and ensure interoperability.

世界各地的工业和能源市场正面临着越来越大的脱碳压力，促使他们将流程和供应链转变为可持续发展。然而，缺乏可信的可持续数据对新兴市场的可持续产品来说是一个相当大的障碍：在复杂和全球化的供应链背景下，需要验证产品的可持续声明，才能要求可持续产品的溢价从长远来看。为此，全球化供应链中的利益相关者必须愿意共享整个供应链的相关数据，以提高可追溯性并减少信息不对称。以国际氢供应链为例，我们研究了如何使用数字产品护照在不同利益相关者之间共享数据，同时解决利益相关者对数据隐私和披露的担忧。在我们的工作中，我们制定了设计原则，深入了解如何设计数字产品护照，以可靠的方式验证氢的碳足迹，并确保利益相关者愿意分享其数据。我们遵循多步骤方法，先进行结构化文献综述，然后进行专家访谈和定性内容分析，以综合设计原则。我们的研究表明，数字产品通行证必须全面、自动地收集数据，以去中心化和防篡改的方式处理数据，保护利益相关者的隐私和主权，并确保互操作性。