Abstract

Studies were carried out to establish the influence of legume–grass mixtures on the fertility indicators of irrigated meadow-chernozemic soil depending on the duration of their cultivation in grain-grass crop rotation. Two factors were studied in the experiment: (A) grass mixture: (1) awnless brome + alfalfa in the sixth year of life, (2) awnless brome + eastern goat’s rue + hill mustard in the 12th year of life, (3) awnless brome + eastern goat’s rue in the 21st year of life; (B) mineral fertilizers: (1) without fertilizers (N₆₀P₆₀). Nitrogen fertilizers were applied for each of the two mowings and phosphorous fertilizers were applied as reserves. The dependence of the amount of agronomically valuable aggregates and their resistance to the erosive water action on the age of legume–bluegrass mixtures has been revealed. With increase in the age of herbs, the amount of these aggregates in the 0–20-cm soil layer increased from 48% under the grass mixture in the sixth year of life to 69% under the grass mixture in the 12th year of life, reaching 79% under the grass mixture in the 21st year of life. In variants with the addition of nitrogen–phosphorous fertilizers, fractions of agronomically valuable aggregates under the grass stand in the 12th and 11th years of life decreased by 7.9% compared to variants without fertilizers. With increase in the age of grass stand, the content of humus and humic acids in its composition, exchange cations, and the reaction of the medium did not change significantly; the recorded changes are more determined by the influence of mineral fertilizers. The amount of humus under the herbs in the 0–20-cm soil layer was high and reached 6.7 to 7.1% in unfertilized variants and 7.5 to 7.8% in variants without fertilizers. The proportion of humic acid carbon in the humus composition was 1.9–2.4 and 2.6–2.7%, respectively. The reaction of the medium in the test variants varied from 5.8 to 6.8 units of pH of aqueous suspension. The proportion of calcium in the composition of exchangeable cations was 70 to 87%. In the test variants without fertilizers, the content of mobile phosphorus (according to Chirikov) in the soil was 55.90 mg/kg; in variants with fertilizers, its amount increased by 68.95 mg/kg in the 0–20-cm layer and by 40 to 70 mg/kg in the 20–40-cm layer. Indicators of the chemical and physicochemical properties of the soil reached optimal values after 6 years of cultivation of the legume–bluegrass mixture. Therefore, the further use (up to 12 and 21 years) of the soil under grass is unpractical.

中文翻译：

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鄂木斯克额尔齐斯地区多年生草本使用时间对灌溉草甸黑钙土肥力的影响

摘要

进行了研究，以确定豆科草混合物对灌溉草甸黑钙土肥力指标的影响，具体取决于其在粮草轮作中耕作的持续时间。实验中研究了两个因素：（A）草混合物：（1）第6年的无芒雀麦+苜蓿，（2）第12年的无芒雀麦+东方山羊芸香+山芥菜，（3） 21岁无芒雀麦+东山羊芸香；（二）矿物肥料：（1）不施化肥（N ₆₀ P ₆₀）。两次割草各施氮肥，磷肥作为储备。已经揭示了具有农艺价值的聚集体的数量及其对水侵蚀作用的抵抗力对豆科植物-早熟禾混合物的年龄的依赖性。随着草龄的增加，0~20cm土层中这些团聚体的含量从第6年草混合物下的48%增加到第12年草混合物下的69%，在草混合物下，在第 21 年达到 79%。在添加氮磷肥料的变体中，与不添加肥料的变体相比，第 12 和第 11 年草丛下具有农艺价值的团聚体比例减少了 7.9%。随着草林龄的增加，其组成、交换阳离子以及培养基的反应中腐殖质和腐植酸的含量没有明显变化；记录的变化更多地取决于矿物肥料的影响。0-20厘米土层中草本植物下的腐殖质含量很高，未施肥的品种达到6.7%到7.1%，未施肥的品种达到7.5%到7.8%。腐殖质成分中腐植酸碳的比例分别为1.9-2.4%和2.6-2.7%。测试变体中介质的反应在水悬浮液 pH 值 5.8 至 6.8 单位之间变化。交换性阳离子组成中钙的比例为70～87％。在没有肥料的测试变体中，土壤中移动磷的含量（根据 Chirikov）为 55.90 mg/kg；在使用化肥的变体中，其含量在 0-20 厘米层中增加了 68.95 毫克/千克，在 20-40 厘米层中增加了 40 至 70 毫克/千克。豆科植物和早熟禾混合物种植六年后，土壤的化学和物理化学特性指标达到最佳值。因此，草下土壤的进一步利用（最多12年和21年）是不切实际的。