Pulmonary aspergillosis constitutes an increasingly prevalent and potentially fatal complex of mycotic diseases, caused by different species of Aspergillus. The broad spectrum of pathological manifestations associated with pulmonary aspergillosis necessitates a differentiation of commensalism from saprophytic colonization, hypersensitivity reactions, and true invasive infections, which highlights the importance of histopathology as a gold standard in a diagnostic setting. For the past decades, changes in terminology and contradicting contributions from different diagnostic disciplines have made the classification of pulmonary aspergillosis rather confusing. This review offers a categorization of aspergillosis lesions based on what can be histopathologically identified and distinguished, differentiating between acute invasive infection and forms of subacute, chronic, and allergic diseases and coinfections, and summarizes important manifestations of lesions associated with the different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis.

肺曲霉病是一种日益流行且可能致命的真菌性疾病复合体，由不同种类的曲霉引起。与肺曲霉病相关的广泛病理表现需要将共生现象与腐生定植、过敏反应和真正的侵袭性感染区分开来，这凸显了组织病理学作为诊断环境中金标准的重要性。在过去的几十年里，术语的变化和不同诊断学科的相互矛盾的贡献使得肺曲霉病的分类相当混乱。本综述根据组织病理学可识别和区分的内容对曲霉病病变进行分类，区分急性侵袭性感染与亚急性、慢性和过敏性疾病以及合并感染，并总结了与不同形式的肺曲霉病相关的病变的重要表现。