We argue that knowledge leakage may occur between rival firms through indirect ties, i.e., if rivals collaborate on R&D with a common partner, but that firms with an aggressive reputation for IP litigation may be able to restrict such knowledge spillovers. We argue that knowledge leakage is more prominent, and litigation reputation is less powerful, when the common partner is a university or public research institution adhering to the open science paradigm, compared with when the common partner is another (non-rival) firm. Patent similarity analysis among dyads of leading pharmaceutical firms provides support for these hypotheses.

中文翻译：

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常见研发合作伙伴的类型和向竞争对手的知识泄露：知识产权诉讼声誉的作用

我们认为，竞争对手公司之间可能会通过间接联系发生知识泄漏，即，如果竞争对手与共同伙伴合作研发，但在知识产权诉讼方面享有盛誉的公司可能能够限制这种知识溢出。我们认为，与共同合伙人是另一家（非竞争性）公司时相比，当共同合伙人是坚持开放科学范式的大学或公共研究机构时，知识泄漏更加突出，诉讼声誉更弱。领先制药公司之间的专利相似性分析为这些假设提供了支持。