The quest for high-energy-density magnesium-air batteries is hindered by the efficiency-voltage trade-off, ultimately leading to an unsatisfactory energy density. Here, we effectively mitigate the inherent efficiency-voltage trade-off by introducing a novel anode material, specifically, Mg-0.5Sn-0.5In-0.5Ga. This anode demonstrates exceptional anodic efficiency, achieving 60.5 ± 2.5 % at 1 mA cm⁻², 65.3 ± 2.7 % at 10 mA cm⁻², and 71.4 ± 1.2 % at 20 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, the discharge voltage is significantly enhanced, reaching 1.76±0.01 V at 1 mA cm⁻², 1.44±0.02 V at 10 mA cm⁻², and 1.21±0.08 V at 20 mA cm⁻². Consequently, our newly developed anode exhibits a remarkable energy density of 2312±98 W h kg⁻¹, placing it among the top-performing magnesium anodes documented in the literature. Density functional theory calculations and experimental investigations have unveiled that the exceptional performance can be attributed to the inhibition of water reduction, facilitated by the hybridization between solute atoms and neighboring Mg atoms. Furthermore, the activation of the second phase, introducing additional galvanic couples, significantly contributes to this performance. This study presents valuable insights that can guide the design of novel anodes, contributing to the advancement of high-performance magnesium-air batteries.

对高能量密度镁空气电池的追求受到效率与电压权衡的阻碍，最终导致能量密度不令人满意。在这里，我们通过引入一种新型阳极材料，特别是 Mg-0.5Sn-0.5In-0.5Ga，有效地缓解了固有的效率与电压之间的权衡。该阳极表现出卓越的阳极效率，在1 mA cm ^{-2 时}达到60.5 ± 2.5 % ，在10 mA cm ^{-2时达到65.3 ± 2.7 %，在20 mA cm -2}时达到71.4 ± 1.2 % 。此外，放电电压显着增强，在1mA cm ^-2下达到1.76±0.01V 、在10mA cm ^{-2下达到1.44±0.02V、在20mA cm -2}下达到1.21±0.08V 。^{因此，我们新开发的阳极表现出 2312±98 W h kg -1}的卓越能量密度，使其跻身文献记载的性能最佳的镁阳极之列。密度泛函理论计算和实验研究表明，优异的性能可归因于溶质原子与相邻镁原子之间的杂化促进了水还原的抑制。此外，第二相的激活，引入额外的电偶，对这种性能有显着贡献。这项研究提出了宝贵的见解，可以指导新型阳极的设计，有助于高性能镁空气电池的进步。