Faced with the biodiversity extinction crisis and climate change, alternative approaches to food production are urgently needed. Decades of chemical-based weed control have resulted in a dramatic decline in weed diversity, with negative repercussions for agroecosystem biodiversity. The simplification of cropping systems and the evolution of herbicide resistance have led to the dominance of a small number of competitive weed species, calling for a more sustainable approach that considers not only weed abundance but also community diversity and composition. Agroecological weed management involves harnessing ecological processes to minimize the negative impacts of weeds on productivity and maximize biodiversity. However, the current research effort on agroecological weed management is largely rooted in agronomy and field-scale farming practices. In contrast, the contributions of landscape-scale interventions on agroecological weed management are largely unexplored (e.g., interventions to promote pollinators and natural enemies or carbon sequestration). Here, we review current knowledge of landscape effects on weed community properties (abundance, diversity, and composition) and seed predation (a key factor in agroecological weed management). Furthermore, we discuss the ecological processes underlying landscape effects, their interaction with in-field approaches, and the implications of landscape-scale change for agroecological weed management. Notably, we found that (1) landscape context rarely affects total weed abundance; (2) configurational more than compositional heterogeneity of landscapes is associated with higher alpha, beta, and gamma weed diversity; (3) evidence for landscape effects on weed seed predation is currently limited; and (4) plant spillover from neighboring habitats is the most common interpretation of landscape effects on weed community properties, whereas many other ecological processes are overlooked. Strikingly, the drivers of weed community properties and biological regulation at the landscape scale remain poorly understood. We recommend addressing these issues to better integrate agroecological weed management into landscape-scale management, which could inform the movement towards managing farms at wider spatiotemporal scales than single fields in a single season.

面对生物多样性灭绝危机和气候变化，迫切需要替代粮食生产方法。数十年的化学杂草控制导致杂草多样性急剧下降，对农业生态系统生物多样性产生负面影响。种植系统的简化和除草剂抗性的演变导致少数竞争性杂草物种占据主导地位，这就需要一种更可持续的方法，不仅要考虑杂草丰度，还要考虑群落多样性和组成。农业生态杂草管理涉及利用生态过程来最大限度地减少杂草对生产力的负面影响并最大限度地提高生物多样性。然而，当前农业生态杂草管理的研究工作主要植根于农学和田间规模耕作实践。相比之下，景观规模干预措施对农业生态杂草管理的贡献在很大程度上尚未被探索（例如，促进传粉媒介和天敌或碳封存的干预措施）。在这里，我们回顾了景观对杂草群落特性（丰度、多样性和组成）和种子捕食（农业生态杂草管理的关键因素）影响的最新知识。此外，我们讨论了景观效应背后的生态过程、它们与田间方法的相互作用，以及景观规模变化对农业生态杂草管理的影响。值得注意的是，我们发现（1）景观环境很少影响杂草总丰度；(2)景观的构型异质性大于成分异质性与较高的α、β和γ杂草多样性相关；(3) 目前关于景观对杂草种子捕食影响的证据有限；(4) 邻近栖息地的植物溢出是景观对杂草群落特性影响的最常见解释，而许多其他生态过程却被忽视。引人注目的是，人们对景观尺度上杂草群落特性和生物调节的驱动因素仍然知之甚少。我们建议解决这些问题，以便更好地将农业生态杂草管理纳入景观规模管理，这可以为在更广泛的时空规模上管理农场（而不是单季单个田地）的运动提供信息。