Background

Zingiber officinale rhizome is rich in phenolic and flavonoids contributing antioxidant and anticancer activity.

Methods

This study was designed to assess the in vitro antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial activities of Z. officinale rhizome. Ethanol extract of Z. officinale rhizome was tested for total phenolic and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH scavenging and ABTS assay methods. The cytotoxic potential of ethanolic rhizome extract was tested against MCF-7 cell lines and anti-apoptotic genes were determined.

Results

Ethanol extract of Z. officinale rhizome exhibited phenols (266.57 ± 4.09 mg GAE/g dry weight of the dry extract) and flavonoid (114.04 ± 2.46 mg QE/g mg dry weight of the dry extract). The ethanol extract significantly affected the generation of free radicals and the IC₅₀ values were 107.19 ± 1.7 μg/mL (DPPH method) and 121.94 ± 0.32 μg/mL (ABTS method) (p < 0.05). The rhizome extract showed statistically significant cytotoxic activity compared to the control (p < 0.05) with an IC₅₀ value of 92.49 ± 3.14 μg/mL. It also showed bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC values ranged from 3.12 ± 0.44 μg/mL to 25 ± 5.33 μg/mL. The most susceptible strain was S. epidermidis (MTCC 12228) the MIC value was 3.12 ± 0.44 μg/mL and the MBC value was 6.25 ± 3.23 μg/mL. The rhizome extract increased the mRNA levels of caspase-9, 8, and −3, Bax mRNA and subsequently reduced anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-xL and Bcl-2) than control (P < 0.05). The MCF-7 cells, treated with rhizome extract showed upregulation of p21 and p53 mRNA than untreated control cells (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The present finding revealed the antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties of Z. officinale rhizome.

中文翻译：

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姜根茎（Zingiber officinale）的抗氧化、抗癌和抗菌活性评估

背景

生姜根茎富含酚类和黄酮类化合物，具有抗氧化和抗癌活性。

方法

本研究旨在评估铁皮根茎的体外抗氧化、抗癌和抗菌活性。测试了铁皮根茎乙醇提取物的总酚和类黄酮含量。通过DPPH清除和ABTS测定方法分析抗氧化活性。测试了根茎乙醇提取物对 MCF-7 细胞系的细胞毒性潜力，并测定了抗凋亡基因。

结果

铁皮根茎的乙醇提取物含有酚类（266.57±4.09mg GAE/g干提取物干重）和类黄酮（114.04±2.46mg QE/gmg干提取物干重）。乙醇提取物显着影响自由基的产生，IC ₅₀值为 107.19 ± 1.7 μg/mL（DPPH 法）和 121.94 ± 0.32 μg/mL（ABTS 法）（p  < 0.05）。与对照相比，根茎提取物显示出统计学上显着的细胞毒活性 ( p  < 0.05)，IC ₅₀值为 92.49 ± 3.14 μg/mL。它还对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌表现出杀菌活性。MIC 值范围为 3.12 ± 0.44 μg/mL 至 25 ± 5.33 μg/mL。最敏感菌株是表皮葡萄球菌（MTCC 12228），MIC值为3.12±0.44μg / mL，MBC值为6.25±3.23μg / mL 。与对照相比，根茎提取物增加了 caspase-9、8 和 -3、Bax mRNA 的 mRNA 水平，并随后降低了抗凋亡基因（Bcl-xL 和 Bcl-2）（P  < 0.05）。与未处理的对照细胞相比，用根茎提取物处理的 MCF-7 细胞显示 p21 和 p53 mRNA 上调 ( p  < 0.05)。

结论

目前的发现揭示了铁皮根茎的抗氧化、抗癌和抗菌特性。