In order to calculate and predict the discharge through and over a porous media with turbulent flow, a series of experimental models of box gabion weirs were tested consists of aggregates with four mean diameters. Gabion models with four gabion lengths were selected, and experiments were performed in relatively large-scale flume with a width of 1200 mm. The coefficient of discharge was determined in free flow condition for box gabion weirs and in both through and overflow conditions. The discharge reduction factors of box gabion weirs were obtained and empirical equations were proposed based on non-dimensional parameters for through flow condition and for different submergence ratios. In overflow condition, the Darcy Weisbach's index was calculated for different aggregate mean diameters for box gabion weirs and for different gabion lengths. Furthermore, the interaction factor between through and overflow regimes were calculated, and an equation was proposed based on non-linear regression technique to predict the impacts of the superposition condition for free and submerged flow conditions. Finally, using flow visualization, the flow regimes over box gabion weirs and for overflow condition was characterized based on the contributed hydraulic parameters. Four flow regimes named as Impinging Jet Regime (IJR), Surface Jump Regime (SJR), Surface Wave Regime (SWR), and Deeply Submerged Regime (DSR) were introduced for developed flows in overflow condition. The results indicated that for lower submergence ratio, the IJR regime was similar to the flow regime in sharp-crested weirs; however, as submergence ratio increased, the distances among the SJR, SWR, and DSR, were diminished with the same regimes over the sharp-crested weirs.

中文翻译：

---

穿过多孔介质和上方的湍流的水力特性

为了计算和预测通过湍流多孔介质的流量，测试了一系列由四种平均直径的骨料组成的箱式石笼堰实验模型。选取了四种石笼网长度的石笼网模型，在宽度为1200 mm的较大规模水槽中进行了实验。流量系数是在箱式石笼堰的自由流动条件下以及在通过和溢流条件下确定的。获得了箱式石笼堰的流量减少系数，并基于通流条件和不同淹没比的无量纲参数提出了经验方程。在溢流条件下，计算了箱式石笼堰不同总平均直径和不同石笼长度的达西韦斯巴赫指数。此外，计算了通过流态和溢流态之间的相互作用因子，并基于非线性回归技术提出了一个方程来预测叠加条件对自由流和淹没流条件的影响。最后，使用流动可视化，根据所提供的水力参数来表征箱式石笼堰上的流态和溢流条件。针对溢流条件下的流动，引入了四种流态，即冲击射流流态（IJR）、表面跳跃流态（SJR）、表面波流态（SWR）和深潜流态（DSR）。结果表明，对于较低的淹没比，IJR流态与尖顶堰的流态相似；然而，随着淹没率的增加，在尖顶堰上相同的情况下，SJR、SWR 和 DSR 之间的距离减小。