This paper introduces a quantum heat engine model that utilizes an ultracold atomic gas coupled with a nanomechanical mirror. The mirror’s vibration induces an opto-mechanical sideband in the control field, affecting the behavior of the cold gas and subsequently influencing the output radiation of the engine. The model incorporates mirror vibration while omitting cavity confinement, establishing a bridge between a multi-level atom–laser interacting system that plays with coherences and the mechanical vibration of the nanomechanical mirror, which jointly function as heat engines. Three distinct heat engine configurations are proposed: the first involves a vibration-free three-level Λ-type system, the second introduces nanomechanical vibration to the three-level Λ-type system, and the third constitutes a composite engine that combines the previous setups along with nanomechanical vibration. The spectral brightness of a three-level heat engine is diminished with mirror vibration, whereas for a composite heat engine, there is a slight enhancement in the brightness peak. However, the maximum brightness is attained when there is no vibration. Comparisons between the proposed model and an ideal system are made regarding entropy balance, adhering to the constraints of the second law of thermodynamics. The model observed that when subjected to mirror vibration, the proposed heat engines diverged from the characteristics expected in an ideal heat engine.

中文翻译：

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纳米机械镜耦合复合量子电磁感应透明热机的提案

本文介绍了一种利用超冷原子气体与纳米机械镜耦合的量子热机模型。镜子的振动会在控制场中产生光机械边带，影响冷气体的行为，从而影响发动机的输出辐射。该模型结合了反射镜振动，同时省略了腔限制，在具有相干性的多级原子激光相互作用系统和纳米机械反射镜的机械振动之间建立了一座桥梁，两者共同充当热机。提出了三种不同的热机配置：第一种涉及无振动三级Λ型系统，第二种将纳米机械振动引入三级Λ型系统，第三种构成结合了先前设置的复合发动机以及纳米机械振动。三级热机的光谱亮度随着镜面振动而减弱，而对于复合热机，亮度峰值略有增强。然而，当没有振动时，达到最大亮度。遵循热力学第二定律的约束，在熵平衡方面对所提出的模型和理想系统进行了比较。该模型观察到，当受到镜面振动时，所提出的热机偏离了理想热机的预期特性。