Experiment-based voice parades often result in low hit-rates and high false-alarm rates. One contributing factor may be that the experimental procedures omit elements that might naturally occur in the memory formation process, such as the process of reflection. In Experiment 1 (N = 180, F = 92) we explored if a post-encoding reflection manipulation, compared to a simple attention control task, prior to a five-minute retention interval would improve identification performance. In Experiment 2 (N = 180, F = 93), we explored how the effects of this manipulation might change when the retention interval was 24-h. The results show that the inclusion of a reflection manipulation did not meaningfully improve performance in either experiment. Importantly, we found no meaningful difference in performance when directly comparing the two retention interval durations. We consider theoretical explanations for these results and discuss implications for the design and validity of earwitness voice parade studies.

中文翻译：

---

反思语音游行的时间：反思和保留间隔持续时间对目击者表现的影响

基于实验的语音游行通常会导致低命中率和高误报率。一个促成因素可能是实验程序忽略了记忆形成过程中可能自然发生的元素，例如反思过程。在实验 1（N  = 180，F  = 92）中，我们探讨了与简单的注意力控制任务相比，在五分钟保留间隔之前进行编码后反射操作是否会提高识别性能。在实验 2（N  = 180，F  = 93）中，我们探讨了当保留间隔为 24 小时时，这种操作的效果可能会如何变化。结果表明，包含反射操作并没有显着提高这两个实验的性能。重要的是，当直接比较两个保留间隔持续时间时，我们发现性能没有有意义的差异。我们考虑对这些结果的理论解释，并讨论对目击者声音游行研究的设计和有效性的影响。