Application of nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment has gained much attention in the past decade. Because of the advantages of cargo protection, targeting delivery, controlled release, and so on, nanoparticles are widely applied in cancer therapies. However, bare nanoparticles prove not potent enough. Obstacles of immune rejection, low targeting rate, and insufficient circulation time limit the application of bare nanoparticles against cancer. Therefore, inspired by surface modification, invention of cell membrane coating technology has solved the above problems. Nanoparticles camouflaged in cell membranes not only improve biocompatibility, but also benefit from weak immunogenicity, homotypic fusion, prolonged circulation time, and other specialized properties bestowed by source cells accordingly. Through combination of cell membrane vesicles and other novel techniques, innovative methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment are feasible. Here recent advances in cell membrane coating technology are discussed. Apart from introducing methodology of cell membrane vesicle fabrication and characterization, examples of cell membrane vesicle with diverse source cells are given to present specialized application properties. A proposition of constructing donor cell database and cell membrane vesicle bank is presented to counter the current challenges in clinical application.

中文翻译：

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细胞膜囊泡在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用

近十年来，纳米粒子在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用引起了广泛关注。由于纳米粒子具有货物保护、靶向递送、控释等优点，在癌症治疗中得到广泛应用。然而，事实证明，裸露的纳米粒子不够有效。免疫排斥、靶向率低、循环时间不足等障碍限制了裸纳米粒子在抗癌方面的应用。因此，受表面修饰的启发，细胞膜涂层技术的发明解决了上述问题。伪装在细胞膜中的纳米粒子不仅可以提高生物相容性，还可以受益于源细胞赋予的弱免疫原性、同型融合、延长循环时间等特殊特性。通过细胞膜囊泡和其他新技术的结合，癌症诊断和治疗的创新方法是可行的。这里讨论细胞膜涂层技术的最新进展。除了介绍细胞膜囊泡的制造和表征方法之外，还给出了具有不同来源细胞的细胞膜囊泡的例子来展示专门的应用特性。为了应对当前临床应用中的挑战，提出了构建供体细胞数据库和细胞膜囊泡库的建议。