Sustainability transformations are considered to provide pathways to solve current wicked problems, although empirical approaches to assess their actual transformative potential are still limited. In this study, we analyse a diverse set of 129 sustainability innovations in two Biosphere Reserves in Germany and France (Schorfheide-Chorin and Fontainebleau-Gâtinais), based on an analytical framework that characterises innovations through actors, processes and outcomes. With a hierarchical cluster analysis conducted on innovation outcomes, we identify six archetypes: Participative Transformation Governance, New Sectors for Social-ecological Transformations, Social and Sustainable Entrepreneurs, Social Innovations, Service Innovations and Technological Efficiency Innovations. The most transformative archetype, Participative Transformation Governance, targets both shallow and deep leverage points, while implementing diverse amplifying strategies to enhance impacts. The least transformative archetypes, e.g. Service Innovations, target shallow leverage points and lack amplifying strategies. Our archetype approach thus proves suitable for capturing a diverse range of sustainability innovations and characterising their transformative outcomes. Synergies between archetypes could be identified and further research should elaborate on the bridging role of Biosphere Reserves to best use synergies and enhance transformative processes.

可持续性转型被认为提供了解决当前棘手问题的途径，尽管评估其实际变革潜力的经验方法仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们基于通过参与者、过程和结果来描述创新特征的分析框架，分析了德国和法国两个生物圈保护区（绍尔夫海德-科林和枫丹白露-加蒂纳）的 129 项可持续发展创新。通过对创新成果进行层次聚类分析，我们确定了六种原型：参与式转型治理、社会生态转型新部门、社会和可持续企业家、社会创新、服务创新和技术效率创新。最具变革性的原型是参与式转型治理，它既针对浅层杠杆点，又针对深层杠杆点，同时实施多种放大策略以增强影响力。最具变革性的原型，例如服务创新，其目标是浅薄的杠杆点并且缺乏放大策略。因此，我们的原型方法被证明适合捕捉各种可持续发展创新并描述其变革成果。可以确定原型之间的协同作用，并应进一步研究生物圈保护区的桥梁作用，以最好地利用协同作用并加强转型过程。