Understanding vertebral bone development is essential to prevent skeletal malformations in farmed fish related to genetic and environmental factors. This is an important issue in , with special impact of spinal anomalies in postlarval and juvenile stages. Vertebral bone transcriptomics in farmed fish mainly comes from coding genes, and barely on miRNA expression. Here, we used RNA-seq of spinal samples to obtain the first comprehensive coding and miRNA transcriptomic repertoire for postlarval and juvenile vertebral bone, covering different vertebral phenotypes and egg-incubation temperatures related to skeleton health in . Coding genes, miRNA and pathways regulating bone development and growth were identified. Differential transcriptomic profiles and suggestive mRNA-miRNA interactions were found between postlarvae and juveniles. Bone-related genes and functions were associated with the extracellular matrix, development and regulatory processes, calcium binding, retinol and lipid metabolism or response to stimulus, including those revealed by the miRNA targets related to signaling, cellular and metabolic processes, growth, cell proliferation and biological adhesion. Pathway enrichment associated with fish skeleton were identified when comparing postlarvae and juveniles: growth and bone development functions in postlarvae, while actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion and proteasome related to bone remodeling in juveniles. The transcriptome data disclosed candidate coding and miRNA gene markers related to bone cell processes, references for functional studies of the anosteocytic bone of . This study establishes a broad transcriptomic foundation to study healthy and anomalous spines under early thermal conditions across life-stages in , and for comparative analysis of skeleton homeostasis and pathology in fish and vertebrates.

中文翻译：

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塞内加尔鳎 (Solea senegalensis) 幼体和幼体椎骨的综合编码和 microRNA 转录组

了解椎骨发育对于预防养殖鱼类与遗传和环境因素相关的骨骼畸形至关重要。这是一个重要问题，对幼体后期和幼体阶段的脊柱异常有特殊影响。养殖鱼类椎骨转录组学主要来自编码基因，很少涉及miRNA表达。在这里，我们使用脊柱样本的 RNA-seq 获得了第一个幼体和幼体椎骨的全面编码和 miRNA 转录组库，涵盖了与骨骼健康相关的不同椎骨表型和卵孵化温度。鉴定了调节骨骼发育和生长的编码基因、miRNA 和途径。在后期幼体和幼体之间发现了差异的转录组谱和暗示的 mRNA-miRNA 相互作用。骨相关基因和功能与细胞外基质、发育和调节过程、钙结合、视黄醇和脂质代谢或对刺激的反应相关，包括与信号传导、细胞和代谢过程、生长、细胞增殖相关的 miRNA 靶标揭示的那些和生物粘附。在比较虾苗和幼鱼时，确定了与鱼类骨骼相关的通路富集：虾苗的生长和骨发育功能，而肌动蛋白细胞骨架、粘着斑和蛋白酶体与幼鱼的骨重塑相关。转录组数据揭示了与骨细胞过程相关的候选编码和miRNA基因标记，为骨细胞骨功能研究提供参考。这项研究为研究鱼类和脊椎动物生命阶段早期热条件下的健康和异常脊柱奠定了广泛的转录组学基础，并对鱼类和脊椎动物的骨骼稳态和病理学进行比较分析。