Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a set of chronic inflammatory conditions, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite all advances in the management of IBD, a definitive cure is not available, largely due to a lack of a holistic understanding of its etiology and pathophysiology. Several in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models have been developed over the past few decades in order to abbreviate remaining gaps. The establishment of reliable and predictable in vitro intestinal inflammation models may indeed provide valuable tools to expedite and validate the development of therapies for IBD. Three-dimensional (3D) models provide a more accurate representation of the different layers of the intestine, contributing to a stronger impact on drug screening and research on intestinal inflammation, and bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo research. This work provides a critical overview on the state-of-the-art on existing 3D models of intestinal inflammation and discusses the remaining challenges, providing insights on possible pathways towards achieving IBD mimetic models. We also address some of the main challenges faced by implementing cell culture models in IBD research while bearing in mind clinical translational aspects.

炎症性肠病（IBD）包括一系列慢性炎症，即克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎。尽管 IBD 的治疗取得了所有进展，但仍无法找到明确的治愈方法，这主要是由于对其病因学和病理生理学缺乏全面的了解。在过去的几十年里，已经开发了几种体外、体内和离体模型，以缩小剩余的差距。建立可靠且可预测的体外肠道炎症模型确实可以为加速和验证 IBD 疗法的开发提供有价值的工具。三维（3D）模型可以更准确地表示肠道的不同层，有助于对肠道炎症的药物筛选和研究产生更大的影响，并弥合体外和体内研究之间的差距。这项工作对现有肠道炎症 3D 模型的最新技术进行了重要概述，并讨论了剩余的挑战，为实现 IBD 模拟模型的可能途径提供了见解。我们还解决了在 IBD 研究中实施细胞培养模型所面临的一些主要挑战，同时牢记临床转化方面。