The sensitivity of near-surface permafrost to both climate warming and engineering disturbance is widely acknowledged. However, long-term responses of permafrost to the dual impacts of climate warming and engineering disturbances remain poorly understood. Using a 20-year dataset of ground temperature under roadway and natural ground surface, in this study not only we identify the thermal impacts of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, in addition to those of climate warming, but also quantify the differences between these two impacts. The results show that variation rate of permafrost table under the highway was approximately 3.3 to 11.1 times greater than that under natural ground surface, along with a significant warming rate of permafrost under the highway. Under the dual thermal impacts of climate warming and engineering disturbances, the duration of ground frozen state at a depth of 0.5 m under roadway is 38.5 ± 6.36% shorter than that under natural ground surface. Meanwhile, rising rate of ground temperature at depth of 0.5 m beneath the asphaltic road surface is 51.7 ± 14.46% faster than that beneath the natural ground surface. This work underscores the importance for correctly understanding the response mechanisms and mitigative measures for hazards resulting from the dual impacts of climate warming and engineering disturbances, particularly by altering the heat absorption effect of asphalt pavement and by utilizing the roadbed cooling approaches.

近地表永久冻土对气候变暖和工程扰动的敏感性已得到广泛认可。然而，人们对永久冻土对气候变暖和工程扰动双重影响的长期反应仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们利用20年的道路下和自然地表的地温数据集，不仅确定了青藏公路除了气候变暖之外的热影响，还量化了这两种影响之间的差异。结果表明，高速公路下多年冻土层变化率约为自然地表下的3.3~11.1倍，且高速公路下多年冻土增温速率显着。在气候变暖和工程扰动的双重热影响下，巷道下0.5 m深度的地面冻结状态持续时间比自然地表下缩短38.5±6.36%。同时，沥青路面以下0.5 m深度处的地温上升速率比自然地表以下快51.7±14.46%。这项工作强调了正确理解气候变暖和工程扰动双重影响造成的危害的响应机制和缓解措施的重要性，特别是通过改变沥青路面的吸热效应和利用路基冷却方法。