In this study, nanocomposite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin (Gel) with varying amounts of HA (42–52 wt. %), PCL (42–52 wt. %), and Gel (6 wt. %) were 3D printed. Subsequently, a scaffold with optimal mechanical properties was utilized as a carrier for doxorubicin (DOX) in the treatment of bone cancer. For this purpose, HA nanoparticles were first synthesized by the hydrothermal conversion of Acropora coral and characterized by using different techniques. Also, a compression test was performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds. The mineralization of the optimal scaffold was determined by immersing it in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 28 days, and the biocompatibility was investigated by seeding MG-63 osteoblast-like cells on it after 1–7 days. The obtained results showed that the average size of the synthesized HA particles was about 80 nm. The compressive modulus and strength of the scaffold with 47 wt. % HA was reported to be 0.29 GPa and 9.9 MPa, respectively, which was in the range of trabecular bones. In addition, the scaffold surface was entirely coated with an apatite layer after 28 days of soaking in SBF. Also, the efficiency and loading percentage of DOX were obtained as 30.8 and 1.6%, respectively. The drug release behavior was stable for 14 days. Cytotoxicity and adhesion evaluations showed that the fabricated scaffold had no negative effects on the viability of MG-63 cells and led to their proliferation during the investigated period. From these results, it can be concluded that the HA/PCL/Gel scaffold prepared in this study, in addition to its drug release capability, has good bioactivity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, and can be considered a suitable option for bone tumor treatment.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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用于骨组织工程的珊瑚衍生羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒/聚己内酯/明胶携带阿霉素的 3D 打印复合支架的制造和表征

在本研究中，羟基磷灰石 (HA)/聚己内酯 (PCL)/明胶 (Gel) 的纳米复合材料支架含有不同量的 HA (42–52 wt.%)、PCL (42–52 wt.%) 和 Gel (6 wt.%)。 . %) 是 3D 打印的。随后，具有最佳机械性能的支架被用作阿霉素（DOX）的载体来治疗骨癌。为此，首先通过鹿角珊瑚的水热转化合成HA纳米颗粒，并使用不同的技术进行表征。此外，还进行了压缩测试以研究制造的支架的机械性能。通过将最佳支架浸泡在模拟体液（SBF）溶液中28天来确定其矿化情况，并通过在1-7天后在其上接种MG-63成骨细胞样细胞来研究其生物相容性。结果表明，合成的HA颗粒的平均尺寸约为80 nm。47 wt.的支架的压缩模量和强度。据报道，％HA 分别为 0.29 GPa 和 9.9 MPa，处于骨小梁的范围内。此外，在SBF中浸泡28天后，支架表面完全覆盖有磷灰石层。此外，DOX 的效率和负载百分比分别为 30.8 和 1.6%。药物释放行为稳定14天。细胞毒性和粘附评估表明，制造的支架对 MG-63 细胞的活力没有负面影响，并在研究期间导致其增殖。从这些结果可以看出，本研究制备的HA/PCL/Gel支架除了具有药物释放能力外，还具有良好的生物活性、力学性能和生物相容性，可以被认为是骨肿瘤治疗的合适选择。 。

图形概要