Self-generated Ba(Ce,Fe,In)O_3-δ composites were prepared by one-pot sol-gel synthesis. They consist of Ce-rich and Fe-rich phases, and are intended to supply the required protonic and electronic transport for air electrode materials in protonic ceramic fuel and electrolysis cells (PCFC, PCEC). Crystal structure, lattice parameters, and the relative phase amounts of the composites were obtained from X-ray diffraction. The local chemical composition and distribution of cations within the individual phases were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Annealing experiments indicate that the miscibility gap of the BaCe_0.8-xFe_xIn_0.2O_3-δ system ranges from [Ce]/([Ce] + [Fe]) ratios of ~ 0.2 to ~ 0.9. The In³⁺ acceptor shows a tendency to accumulate in the Fe-rich phase, with the ratio In(Ce-rich phase)/In(Fe-rich phase) being in the range of 0.3–0.7. The proton uptake capacity of the materials, which was analyzed by thermogravimetry, increases with an increasing amount of In and decreasing amount of Fe in the precursor. Proton concentrations are in the range of 1–4 mol% at 400 °C. Further measurements on BaCe_0.4Fe_0.4Acc_0.2O_3-δ (Acc = Y, Yb, Gd, Sm, Sc) composites show that proton uptake is generally increased compared to the undoped system BaCe_0.5Fe_0.5O_3-δ. However, variations in the acceptor ion can tune the proton uptake only to a limited extent.

采用一锅溶胶-凝胶合成法制备了自生Ba(Ce,Fe,In)O _{3-δ复合材料。}它们由富 Ce 和富 Fe 相组成，旨在为质子陶瓷燃料和电解电池（PCFC、PCEC）中的空气电极材料提供所需的质子和电子传输。通过X射线衍射获得了复合材料的晶体结构、晶格参数和相对相量。通过扫描透射电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱来表征各个相内的局部化学组成和阳离子分布。退火实验表明BaCe _0.8-x Fe _x In _0.2 O _3-δ体系的混溶间隙范围为[Ce]/([Ce] + [Fe]) 比率~ 0.2 到~ 0.9。In ³⁺受体表现出在富Fe相中富集的趋势，In(富Ce相)/In(富Fe相)之比在0.3~0.7范围内。通过热重分析，材料的质子吸收能力随着前驱体中In量的增加和Fe量的减少而增加。400 °C 时质子浓度在 1–4 mol% 范围内。对 BaCe _0.4 Fe _0.4 Acc _0.2 O _3-δ (Acc = Y、Yb、Gd、Sm、Sc) 复合材料的进一步测量表明，与未掺杂系统 BaCe _0.5 Fe _0.5 O _3-δ相比，质子吸收总体上有所增加。然而，受体离子的变化只能在有限程度上调节质子吸收。