Background

This systematic review explores the multifaceted nature of risk factors contributing to adult-onset HL. The objective was to synthesise the most recent epidemiological evidence to generate pooled proportional incidences for the identified risk factors.

Methods

We conducted an extensive search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and psychINFO) for studies providing epidemiological evidence of risk factors associated with hearing loss. Topic modelling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was first conducted to determine how many risk factor themes were available from the papers. Data were analysed by calculating the pooled proportional incidence using a meta-analysis of proportions.

Results

From the 72 studies reviewed, six key risk factor themes emerged through LDA topic modelling. The review identified ototoxicity, primarily caused by cancer treatments and antibiotics, infectious diseases like COVID-19, occupational noise exposure, lifestyle factors, health conditions, biological responses, and age progression as significant risk factors for HL. The highest proportional incidence was found with cancer-related ototoxicity at 55.4% (95%CI: 39.0–70.7), followed closely by ototoxicity from infectious diseases at 50.0% (95%CI: 28.5–71.5). This high proportional incidence suggests the need to explore less destructive therapies and proactively monitor hearing function during treatments.

Conclusions

The findings of this review, combined with the synthesis of epidemiological evidence, enhance our understanding of hearing loss (HL) pathogenesis and highlight potential areas for intervention, thereby paving the way for more effective prevention and management of adult-onset hearing loss in our ageing global population.

中文翻译：

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建立成人发病性听力损失的多因素危险因素：主题建模和流行病学证据综合的系统评价

背景

本系统综述探讨了导致成人发病 HL 的危险因素的多方面性质。目的是综合最新的流行病学证据，以生成已确定风险因素的汇总比例发病率。

方法

我们对电子数据库（MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 psychINFO）进行了广泛的搜索，以寻找提供与听力损失相关的危险因素的流行病学证据的研究。首先使用潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）进行主题建模，以确定论文中有多少可用的风险因素主题。通过使用比例荟萃分析计算汇总比例发生率来分析数据。

结果

从审查的 72 项研究中，通过 LDA 主题建模得出了 6 个关键风险因素主题。该审查将主要由癌症治疗和抗生素引起的耳毒性、COVID-19 等传染病、职业噪音暴露、生活方式因素、健康状况、生物反应和年龄进展确定为 HL 的重要危险因素。与癌症相关的耳毒性发生率最高，为 55.4% (95%CI: 39.0–70.7)，其次是传染病引起的耳毒性，为 50.0% (95%CI: 28.5–71.5)。这种高比例的发生率表明需要探索破坏性较小的疗法并在治疗期间主动监测听力功能。

结论

本次综述的结果与流行病学证据的综合相结合，增强了我们对听力损失（HL）发病机制的理解，并强调了潜在的干预领域，从而为更有效地预防和管理老龄化过程中成人发病的听力损失铺平了道路全球人口。