Ubuntu has been defined as a moral quality of human beings, as a philosophy or an ethic, as African humanism, and as a worldview. This paper explores these definitions as conceptual tools for understanding the cultural, educational, and philosophical landscape of post-apartheid South Africa. Key to this understanding is the Althusserian concept of state apparatus. Louis Althusser divides the state apparatus into two forces: the repressive state apparatus (RSA); and the ideological state apparatus (ISA). RSAs curtail the working classes, predominately through direct violence or the threat of violence, whereas ISAs function primarily by ideology, including forms of organised religion, the education system, family units, legal systems, trade unions, political parties, and media. This paper discusses the link between increasing inequality in post-apartheid South Africa and education, with specific reference to Althusser’s ISAs and the abuse of Ubuntu as a subterfuge for socio-economic inequality.

中文翻译：

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种族隔离后的南非的 Ubuntu：教育、文化和哲学考虑

Ubuntu被定义为人类的道德品质、哲学或伦理、非洲人文主义、世界观。本文探讨了这些定义，作为理解后种族隔离南非的文化、教育和哲学景观的概念工具。这种理解的关键是阿尔都塞的国家机器概念。路易斯·阿尔都塞将国家机器分为两股力量：压制性国家机器（RSA）；和意识形态国家机器（ISA）。RSA 主要通过直接暴力或暴力威胁来限制工人阶级，而 ISA 主要通过意识形态发挥作用，包括有组织的宗教形式、教育体系、家庭单位、法律体系、工会、政党和媒体。本文讨论了种族隔离后南非日益加剧的不平等与教育之间的联系，特别提到了阿尔都塞的国际社会保障体系以及滥用 Ubuntu 作为社会经济不平等的借口。