Surgical resection is the most effective therapeutic option for the cure in early stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite complete resection, up to 70% of patients die within 5 years mainly due to tumor recurrence in extra-thoracic organs. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy may improve postoperative survival, but the absolute survival benefit is modest with an around 5% improvement at 5 years. Recent advance in systemic therapy has changed treatment strategy for advanced unresectable NSCLC, and also has provided a paradigm shift in treatment strategy for resectable NSCLC. For NSCLC without oncogenic driver alterations, immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors may improve clinical outcomes in preoperative neoadjuvant setting as well as in postoperative adjuvant setting. Here, we overview recent evidence of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy and discuss emerging clinical questions in decision-making of treatment for potentially resectable patients with NSCLC harboring no oncogenic alterations.

手术切除是治愈早期可切除非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）最有效的治疗选择。然而，尽管完全切除，仍有高达70%的患者在5年内死亡，主要是由于胸外器官的肿瘤复发。辅助或新辅助铂类化疗可改善术后生存，但绝对生存获益不大，5 年时改善约 5%。全身治疗的最新进展改变了晚期不可切除非小细胞肺癌的治疗策略，也为可切除非小细胞肺癌的治疗策略提供了范式转变。对于没有致癌驱动改变的非小细胞肺癌，使用免疫检查点抑制剂的免疫治疗可以改善术前新辅助治疗以及术后辅助治疗的临床结果。在这里，我们概述了辅助和新辅助治疗的最新证据，并讨论了在无致癌改变的潜在可切除非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗决策中出现的新的临床问题。