A cardiac biomarker (CB) is an important substance released into the blood during heart damage. CB measurements help in the detection of concentric levels in cardiac troponin I. The increased troponin level in the blood can lead to the major cause of cardiac injury. Hence it is necessary to monitor the troponin level of blood. Accurate troponin I detection sensors detect the troponin level in blood. The biosensor signal is converted into an electrical signal of very low voltages. However, these electrical signals are too low. Hence, a bio-medical amplifier is introduced with analog to digital converters and compressors to amplify, capture, transfer and digitize the biosensor signal with less power and area consumption. A bio-amplifier is presented with programmable bandwidth and gain, but the task is challenging. Hence, a fully balanced bio-medical gain amplifier using a two-level CNTFET based operational amplifier (op-amp) (BGA-2C-opamp) is proposed in this work. This particular work uses two stages of CNTFET-based op-amp and presents an input capacitor for blocking the DC offset voltages. This coupling input capacitor operates the bio-medical amplifier gain using an extra load capacitor at the output. The coupling feedback resistor and capacitor are used in this amplification stage to provide a small pole frequency. The proportion of input and the feedback capacitors determines the gain of the amplification stage. To develop a two stage CNTFET-based op-amps, the trans-conductance to drain current ratio measurement is used in this case. Moreover, the bias currents of the quasi-resistors used in the feedback circuit are adjusted to achieve the cut-off programmability. The proposed BGA-2C op-amps are carried out in the cadence Virtuoso tool and analyze the proposed system’s effectiveness in magnitude response, phase response, transient response, gain, total harmonic distortion, input referred noise, phase margin, common mode rejection ratio and power supply rejection ratio. In addition to this, the performance measures of delay (D), power (p) and power delay product are examined under different chirality vectors; also, the Monte Carlo analysis is examined.

摘要

心脏生物标志物（CB）是心脏损伤期间释放到血液中的重要物质。CB 测量有助于检测心肌肌钙蛋白 I 的同心水平。血液中肌钙蛋白水平升高是导致心脏损伤的主要原因。因此有必要监测血液肌钙蛋白水平。准确的肌钙蛋白 I 检测传感器可检测血液中的肌钙蛋白水平。生物传感器信号被转换成电压非常低的电信号。然而，这些电信号太低。因此，引入了具有模数转换器和压缩器的生物医学放大器，以更少的功耗和面积消耗来放大、捕获、传输和数字化生物传感器信号。生物放大器具有可编程带宽和增益，但任务具有挑战性。因此，本工作提出了一种使用基于两级 CNTFET 的运算放大器 (op-amp) (BGA-2C-opamp) 的完全平衡生物医学增益放大器。这项特别的工作使用了两级基于 CNTFET 的运算放大器，并提供了一个输入电容器来阻止直流偏移电压。该耦合输入电容器使用输出端的额外负载电容器来操作生物医学放大器增益。该放大级使用耦合反馈电阻器和电容器来提供小极点频率。输入和反馈电容器的比例决定了放大级的增益。为了开发基于 CNTFET 的两级运算放大器，本例中使用了跨导与漏极电流比测量。此外，调节反馈电路中使用的准电阻的偏置电流以实现截止可编程性。所提出的 BGA-2C 运算放大器在 cadence Virtuoso 工具中执行，并分析所提出的系统在幅度响应、相位响应、瞬态响应、增益、总谐波失真、输入参考噪声、相位裕度、共模抑制比和电源抑制比。除此之外，还检查了不同手性向量下的延迟（D）、功率（p）和功率延迟乘积的性能指标；此外，还检查了蒙特卡罗分析。