Abstract

Mineral composition in milk can affect its nutritional as well as physio-chemical properties of milk and is considered an important trait in the evaluation of milk quality. The composition and concentration of milk minerals could be altered with natural source of variation including nutrition and genetics. The effect of diet on milk minerals is well studied. However, genetic effects on the milk minerals have recently gained the attention. This review provides an overview of the genetic variation of milk minerals, and the genomic regions associated with mineral concentration in the milk are also discussed. The difference of milk minerals between breeds and the genetic parameters including heritability estimates and correlation among minerals indicates that milk minerals are under strong genetic control. Recently, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) has explored several regions associated with milk minerals and thus provides a new genetic source for improving the milk quality through genomics-assisted breeding. Hence, a combination of the qualitative and molecular approaches can be exploited to improving the nutritional quality of cattle milk in terms of its mineral composition.

中文翻译：

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奶牛乳矿物质的遗传分析：综述

摘要

牛奶中的矿物质成分会影响牛奶的营养和理化特性，被认为是评价牛奶品质的重要特征。牛奶矿物质的成分和浓度可能会因营养和遗传等自然变化而改变。饮食对牛奶矿物质的影响已得到充分研究。然而，遗传对牛奶矿物质的影响最近引起了人们的关注。这篇综述概述了牛奶矿物质的遗传变异，并讨论了与牛奶中矿物质浓度相关的基因组区域。不同品种之间牛奶矿物质的差异以及遗传参数（包括遗传力估计和矿物质之间的相关性）表明牛奶矿物质受到强烈的遗传控制。最近，全基因组关联研究（GWAS）探索了与牛奶矿物质相关的多个区域，从而为通过基因组学辅助育种提高牛奶品质提供了新的遗传来源。因此，可以利用定性和分子方法的结合来改善牛奶的矿物质成分的营养质量。