Breast milk (BM) is considered as the best source of nutrition which could have prevention effects on various diseases in the first years of a child. Along with nutritive compounds, presence of contaminants such as mycotoxins in BM could be transmitted into neonate. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence, levels, and factors associated with the presence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) and ocratoxin a (OTA) in BM samples of nursing mothers in rural centers of Yazd, Iran. The presence and average AFM₁ and OTA concentration in 72 BM samples was measured by competitive ELISA. The demographic and diet parameters of nursing mothers were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. AFM₁ and OTA were detected in 63 (87.5%) and 47 (65.2%) samples with the mean concentration levels of 19.46 ± 13.26 ng/L (ranges from 5.1 to 53.9) and 200 ± 160 ng/L (ranges from 100 to 2460), respectively. Of these, 32 samples (50.7%) for AFM₁ and 23 samples (48.9%) for OTA had values exceeding the limit set by the European Union regulation for infant foods (25 ng/L for AFM₁ and 500 ng/L for OTA). It was also found that the risk of AFM₁ and OTA occurrence in BM increased significantly with the consumption of beans, bread, cereals, fruit juice and crackers, and cream, respectively. This study showed that the estimated daily intake for AFM₁ and OTA by 1 month of age infants was 2.7 and 28.5 ng/kg bw/day, respectively, while, as the age of the infant increased, the values were lower and close to 0.9 and 9.9 ng/kg bw/day for AFM1 and OTA in 12 months of age infants, respectively. The high occurrence and noticeable levels of AFM₁ and OTA detected in this study indicated that some infants receive undesirable exposures to AFM₁ and OTA with breast milk. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers are advised to avoid certain foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding that are likely sources of mycotoxins.

母乳（BM）被认为是最好的营养来源，可以预防婴儿出生后的各种疾病。除了营养化合物之外，BM 中的霉菌毒素等污染物也可能传播给新生儿。本研究的目的是确定伊朗亚兹德农村中心哺乳期母亲的骨髓样本中黄曲霉毒素 M ₁ (AFM _{1 ) 和曲曲霉毒素 a (OTA) 的发生情况、水平和相关因素。}通过竞争性 ELISA 测量了 72 个 BM 样品中AFM ₁和 OTA的存在及其平均浓度。通过问卷调查收集哺乳期母亲的人口统计学和饮食参数，并使用SPSS 18软件进行分析。在 63 个 (87.5%) 和 47 个 (65.2%) 样品中检测到AFM ₁和 OTA，平均浓度水平为 19.46 ± 13.26 ng/L（范围从 5.1 到 53.9）和 200 ± 160 ng/L（范围从 100 到 53.9）。第2460章）其中，AFM ₁的 32 个样品（50.7%）和 OTA 的 23 个样品（48.9%）的含量超出了欧盟婴儿食品法规规定的限值（AFM ₁为 25 ng/L ，OTA 为 500 ng/L）。 ）。研究还发现，BM 中 AFM ₁和 OTA 发生的风险分别随着豆类、面包、谷物、果汁和饼干以及奶油的食用而显着增加。这项研究表明，1个月大婴儿的AFM ₁和OTA的估计每日摄入量分别为2.7和28.5 ng/kg体重/天，而随着婴儿年龄的增加，该值较低并接近0.9 12 个月大婴儿的 AFM1 和 OTA 分别为 9.9 ng/kg bw/day。_{本研究中检测到的 AFM 1}和 OTA的高发生率和显着水平表明，一些婴儿通过母乳接触到了 AFM _{1和 OTA 的不良暴露。}因此，建议母亲在怀孕和哺乳期间避免某些可能是霉菌毒素来源的食物。