Introduction Social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with differential outcomes after pituitary tumor treatment. However, the specific impact of SDOH is not well characterized. One reason may be the lack of collection and reporting of sociodemographic variables in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of reporting and distribution of participants' sex, race, ethnicity, income, and education level within pituitary surgery literature. We will compare the reported clinical research population demographics to the 2020 U.S. census.

Methods A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for pituitary surgery clinical research published between July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. We excluded studies that lacked a comparison group, were not original research (i.e., systematic reviews, meta-analysis), or included national databases and registry data.

Results The final analysis included 92 studies. A total of 99% of studies collected data on subject sex. On average 49% (range: 14–100%) of study populations were male. Only 4% (n = 4) studies included racial demographic data. Two studies included information on participants' ethnicity and two included education background. No studies included income or insurance data. Four U.S. studies included demographic distribution, and the reported race and ethnicity percentages are similar to the U.S. 2020 census distribution.

Conclusions Most clinical pituitary research collects and reports data on participant sex. However, very few studies collect and report data on other sociodemographic variables that can play a role in outcomes. The lack of sociodemographic information in clinical research literature makes it difficult to determine the role of SDOH on pituitary surgery outcomes.

简介 健康的社会决定因素 (SDOH) 与垂体瘤治疗后的不同结果相关。然而，SDOH 的具体影响尚不清楚。原因之一可能是文献中缺乏社会人口变量的收集和报告。本研究旨在评估垂体手术文献中参与者性别、种族、民族、收入和教育水平的报告频率和分布。我们将把报告的临床研究人口统计数据与 2020 年美国人口普查进行比较。

方法 通过检索 PubMed、Cochrane 和 Embase 数据库，对 2021 年 7 月 1 日至 2022 年 6 月 30 日期间发表的垂体手术临床研究进行系统评价。我们排除了缺乏对照组、非原创研究的研究（即系统评价） 、荟萃分析），或包括国家数据库和登记数据。

结果 最终分析包括 92 项研究。总共 99% 的研究收集了受试者性别的数据。平均 49%（范围：14-100%）的研究人群为男性。只有 4% ( n  = 4) 的研究包含种族人口统计数据。两项研究包括参与者的种族信息，另外两项研究包括教育背景信息。没有研究包含收入或保险数据。美国的四项研究纳入了人口分布，报告的种族和民族百分比与美国 2020 年人口普查分布相似。

结论 大多数临床垂体研究收集并报告参与者性别的数据。然而，很少有研究收集和报告可能对结果产生影响的其他社会人口变量的数据。临床研究文献中缺乏社会人口统计学信息，因此很难确定 SDOH 对垂体手术结果的作用。