Imaging plays an important role in the various forms of Aspergillus-related pulmonary disease. Depending on the immune status of the patient, three forms are described with distinct imaging characteristics: invasive aspergillosis affecting severely immunocompromised patients, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis affecting less severely immunocompromised patients but suffering from a pre-existing structural lung disease, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis related to respiratory exposure to Aspergillus species in patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Computed tomography (CT) has been demonstrated more sensitive and specific than chest radiographs and its use has largely contributed to the diagnosis, follow-up, and evaluation of treatment in each condition. In the last few decades, CT has also been described in the specific context of cystic fibrosis. In this particular clinical setting, magnetic resonance imaging and the recent developments in artificial intelligence have shown promising results.

中文翻译：

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肺曲霉病的放射学诊断

影像学在各种形式的曲霉菌相关肺部疾病中发挥着重要作用。根据患者的免疫状态，描述了三种具有不同影像学特征的形式：影响严重免疫功能低下患者的侵袭性曲霉病、影响免疫功能较轻但患有结构性肺病的慢性肺曲霉病，以及与以下疾病相关的过敏性支气管肺曲霉病：哮喘和囊性纤维化患者呼吸道接触曲霉菌。计算机断层扫描 (CT) 已被证明比胸部 X 光检查更敏感、更特异，其使用在很大程度上有助于每种情况的诊断、随访和治疗评估。在过去的几十年里，CT 也被描述为囊性纤维化的具体背景。在这种特殊的临床环境中，磁共振成像和人工智能的最新发展已经显示出有希望的结果。