Although developing spherical biomass hard carbon materials as an anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is important because such materials exhibit high bulk density, stable structure, and low cost, complex chemical processing and high time-consuming limit its commercial production. Herein, we develop a thermal conductive agent and controlled oxidation method to fabricate potato starch-based carbon microspheres in which natural potato starch is used as a precursor. Impressively, inert carbon nanospheres as thermal conductive agent can promote starch particles heating uniformity, thus preventing fusion during oxidation and significant shortening of the oxidation time. When used as an anode in SIBs, the optimized PC-1400 (carbonization temperature is 1400 °C) exhibits a high capacity of 303.5 mA h g⁻¹ and a high initial coulombic efficiency of 90.6% at 0.02 A g⁻¹. Additionally, an assembled full battery (PC-1400//NaNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄) delivers outstanding rate performance of >77% (10C/0.5C) at 10C, reflecting the remarkable application potential of the as-prepared anode. This study offers a new method for the controllable preparation of biomass-based microspheres for use in commercial SIBs.

尽管开发球形生物质硬碳材料作为钠离子电池（SIB）阳极很重要，因为此类材料具有高堆积密度、稳定的结构和低成本，但复杂的化学加工和高耗时限制了其商业化生产。在此，我们开发了一种导热剂和受控氧化方法来制造以天然马铃薯淀粉为前体的马铃薯淀粉基碳微球。令人印象深刻的是，惰性碳纳米球作为导热剂可以促进淀粉颗粒受热均匀性，从而防止氧化过程中的熔化并显着缩短氧化时间。当用作SIB中的阳极时，优化的PC-1400（碳化温度为1400℃）在^{0.02 A g -1下表现出303.5 mA h g -1}的高容量和90.6%的高初始库仑效率。此外，组装的全电池（PC-1400//NaNi _0.5 Mn _1.5 O ₄）在10C下具有>77%（10C/0.5C）的出色倍率性能，反映了所制备的负极的显着应用潜力。这项研究为可控制备用于商业 SIB 的生物质基微球提供了一种新方法。